This is the remains of a famous temple of learning that flourished in northern India from the 5th to the 12th centuries, and is transliterated as "Naran-ta" in Chinese. In the early 7th century, when Xuanzang spent six years here, it was a magnificent temple attracting several thousand learned monks. It is located about 80 km southeast of Patna, Bihar, in eastern India, and the well-maintained ruins, measuring 2 km square, contain five brick shrines and the remains of 10 monasteries. Sculptures were popular in the area from the Post-Gupta period to the Pala period (6th to 12th centuries), and the archaeological museum adjacent to the ruins displays many excavated stone and bronze sculptures, especially esoteric Buddhist statues. Most of the stone statues are made of shiny black basalt, and they had a great influence on the style of Buddhist statues in Tibet, Nepal, and Southeast Asia. [Mitsufumi Akiyama] In 2016, it was registered as a cultural heritage site (World Cultural Heritage) by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as the "Ruins of Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda University) in Bihar". [Editorial Department, May 21, 2018] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
5世紀から12世紀にわたって北インドに栄えた有名な学問寺の跡で、中国では「那爛陀」と音写される。玄奘(げんじょう)が6年間をここで過ごした7世紀前期には、数千人に及ぶ学僧の集まる壮大な伽藍(がらん)であったという。インド東部、ビハール州パトナ市の南東約80キロメートルにあり、整備された2キロメートル四方の遺構には煉瓦(れんが)積みの五つの祠堂(しどう)、10の僧院址(し)が保存されている。当地では後(ポスト)グプタ期からパーラ時代(6~12世紀)にかけて造像活動が盛んで、遺跡に隣接する考古博物館には、出土した石造・青銅製の彫刻類、とくに密教系の尊像が数多く展示されている。石像は大部分が光沢のある黒い玄武岩が用いられ、チベットやネパール、あるいは東南アジアの仏教尊像の様式に、大きな影響を与えた。 [秋山光文] 2016年、「ビハール州ナーランダー・マハービハーラ(ナーランダー大学)の遺跡」としてユネスコ(国連教育科学文化機関)の世界遺産の文化遺産(世界文化遺産)に登録された。 [編集部 2018年5月21日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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