…The study of elementary reactions began with Ernst August Max Bodenstein's (1871-1942) chain reaction theory (1913). After Cyril Norman Hinshelwood's (1897-1967) unimolecular reaction theory (1922), Polányi Mihály (1891-1976) and Henry Eyring (1901-82) proposed absolute reaction rate theory. In relation to reaction rate theory, a notable advance in the 20th century was the expansion of the range of reaction rates that can be quantitatively treated. … From [Activated Complex]…In many cases, the activated complex is close to the original system (initial state) in an exothermic reaction, and close to the product system (final state) in an endothermic reaction. In 1931, H. Eyring proposed a reaction rate theory that assumes that an approximate equilibrium relationship exists between the original reactants and the activated complex. This is called the transition state theory. … From [Reaction rate]… By clarifying the reaction pathway, it became possible to predict the reaction rate. The method that is currently widely used was developed in 1936 by Henry Eyring (1901-81) and his colleagues. It assumes that the state with the highest energy in the reaction pathway, i.e. the state that creates the activated complex, is called the transition state, and that this is in approximate equilibrium with the initial state of the reaction system. This allows the concentration of the activated complex to be calculated, and by multiplying this by the rate at which the activated complex changes into the product, the rate of this elementary reaction can be calculated. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Eyring, H." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ボーデンシュタインErnst August Max Bodenstein(1871‐1942)の連鎖反応理論(1913)から素反応の研究が始まった。ヒンシェルウッドCyril Norman Hinshelwood(1897‐1967)の単分子反応理論(1922)のあと,ポラニーPolányi Mihály(1891‐1976),アイリングHenry Eyring(1901‐82)の絶対反応速度論が提案された。反応速度論に関連して,20世紀における顕著な進歩は定量的に取り扱いうる反応速度の幅の拡大であった。… 【活性錯合体】より…多くの場合,活性錯合体は発熱反応では原系(始状態)に,吸熱反応では生成系(終状態)に近い。1931年アイリングH.Eyringは,原系の反応体と活性錯合体との間に近似的に平衡関係が成り立つと仮定して反応速度理論を提出した。これを遷移状態理論という。… 【反応速度】より… 反応の経路が明らかになることによって,反応速度を予測できるようになった。現在広く用いられている方法は,1936年アイリングHenry Eyring(1901‐81)らにより開発された方法で,反応経路で最もエネルギーの高い状態,すなわち活性錯合体をつくる状態を遷移状態と呼び,これが反応系の初めの状態とほぼ平衡にあると仮定する。これにより活性錯合体の濃度が求められ,これに活性錯合体が生成物に変化していく速度を乗じることにより,この素反応の速度が求められる。… ※「Eyring,H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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