Kalīla and Dimna - Kalīla and Dimna (English spelling)

Japanese: カリーラとディムナ - かりーらとでぃむな(英語表記)Kalīla wa Dimna
Kalīla and Dimna - Kalīla and Dimna (English spelling)

This is a collection of ethical stories with animals as main characters, following the tradition of the ancient Indian tale collection Panchatantra (Bidpai's Fables). The author was the Iranian Arabic writer Ibnur Muqaffa, and the title is taken from the names of two wildcats that appear in the second chapter. It is an ancient folk tale-like story with an ethical overtone for the education of nobles. Some of the existing manuscripts have slight differences in the text, but those that have preserved the ancient form have dozens of stories fitted into about 17 frame stories. Panchatantra influenced Japan through China, and two stories that appear in Kalila and Dimna are included in the Tenjiku edition of the Konjaku Monogatarishu (around 1120) (abbreviated as "The Crane and the Turtle" and "The Turtle's Liver"). In 1261, an Old Spanish translation was made from this Arabic version, and later it was translated into various European languages. The original Pahlavi (Medieval Persian) text has been lost, but Syriac and Hebrew versions have been passed down, and there are also various versions in circulation in modern Persia. It is considered one of the most important works in the history of comparative literature.

[Yajima Fumio]

"Kalila and Dimna: An Arabian Fable" translated by Yoshiko Kikuchi (Heibonsha, Toyo Bunko)

[References] | Ibnur Muqaffar

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代インドの説話集『パンチャタントラ』(ビドパイの寓話(ぐうわ)集)の流れを引く、動物を主人公とする倫理的物語集。作者はイラン系のアラビア語著述家イブヌル・ムカッファーで、題名は第2章に出てくる2匹のヤマネコの名からとられている。古代の民話風物語に、貴人の教育のための倫理的色彩を添えたもの。現存のもののいくつかの写本にはテキストに若干の相違があるが、古形を伝えるものでは、約17の枠物語のなかに数十の説話がはめ込まれている。『パンチャタントラ』は中国を介して日本に影響を及ぼし、『今昔物語集』(1120ころ)の天竺(てんじく)編中に、『カリーラとディムナ』中に出てくるものと共通の物語が2編入れられている(『鶴(つる)と亀(かめ)』および『亀の肝』と略称されるもの)。また、このアラビア語版から1261年に古スペイン語訳がつくられ、のちにヨーロッパ各国語訳が行われた。パフラビー語(中世ペルシア語)原典は失われたが、シリア語版やヘブライ語版が伝えられ、また、近代ペルシアでも種々の流布本がある。比較文学史上もっとも重要な作品の一つに数えられる。

[矢島文夫]

『菊地淑子訳『カリーラとディムナ――アラビアの寓話』(平凡社・東洋文庫)』

[参照項目] | イブヌル・ムカッファー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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