Silver nitrate

Japanese: 硝酸銀 - しょうさんぎん(英語表記)silver nitrate
Silver nitrate

Silver nitrate. When pure silver is dissolved in nitric acid and the solution is evaporated, anhydrous crystalline silver is obtained.

It dissolves at 3.8 grams per 100 grams in 92.5% ethanol (ethyl alcohol) at 15°C, and is slightly soluble in acetone. It is sparingly soluble in anhydrous ethanol and benzene. It dissolves well in aqueous ammonia. Its aqueous solution is neutral. It is stable to light, but when it comes into contact with organic matter it is reduced and silver precipitates, turning it black. By reducing an alkaline aqueous solution of ammonia with tartaric acid, sucrose, aldehydes, etc., it is possible to create a silver mirror on a glass wall. It has a protein coagulating effect and corrodes skin and tissues, but this has been known since ancient times (it was created around 700), and silver nitrate bars are called lunar caustic.

It is widely used as a raw material for silver bromide production in the photographic industry, and as a raw material for silver plating and silver mirrors. As a medicine, it is used externally as a preservative and astringent, in chemistry as a variety of reagents, and for coloring ceramics. It is a highly toxic drug (lethal dose: 10 grams). It must be stored tightly sealed and protected from light.

[Nakahara Katsunori]

[Supplementary Material] | Silver nitrate (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

銀の硝酸塩。純銀を硝酸に溶かした溶液を蒸発すると無水和物結晶が得られる。

 92.5%のエタノール(エチルアルコール)には15℃で100グラム当り3.8グラム溶け、アセトンにわずかに溶ける。無水エタノール、ベンゼンには難溶。アンモニア水にはよく溶ける。水溶液は中性。光に安定であるが、有機物に触れると還元されて銀を析出し黒色となる。酒石酸、ショ糖、アルデヒドなどにより、アンモニアアルカリ性水溶液を還元するとガラス壁などに銀鏡をつくることができる。タンパク凝固作用があり、皮膚、組織を腐食するが、このことはきわめて古くから知られており(700年ごろにつくられている)、硝酸銀棒のことをlunar causticといっている。

 写真工業での臭化銀製造の原料として広く用いられており、銀めっき、銀鏡の製造原料として用いられる。医薬品としては外用として防腐剤、収斂剤(しゅうれんざい)、化学では各種試薬として、そのほか陶磁器の着色用に用いられる。劇薬(致死量10グラム)。密栓し、遮光して保存する必要がある。

[中原勝儼]

[補完資料] | 硝酸銀(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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