… Compared to German personality theory, which has a strong philosophical color, American personality theory has developed under the influence of sociology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology. There are many definitions of personality, but the definition by American psychologist GW Allport that "personality is a dynamic system within an individual as a psychological and physiological system that determines the individual's unique adaptation to the environment" is particularly famous. In contrast, RB Cattel's definition is operational, stating that "personality is something that allows us to predict what a person will do when placed in a certain situation." … From 【Rumors】…Rumors are especially likely to occur in times of natural disasters or sudden incidents, or in societies under censorship and other forms of speech control. In their co-authored book The Psychology of Rumors (1947), GW Allport and L. Postman state that rumors spread in proportion to the product of the importance of the issue to people and the ambiguity of the situation, and propose the famous formula R~i×a (R: rumor, i: importance, a: ambiguity). Rumors function as reports that explain a situation, but at the same time, they also contain strong emotional content that reflects people's anxieties, desires, and even prejudices. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Allport, GW" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 哲学的色彩の強いドイツ性格学に比べ,アメリカの人格学は社会学,社会心理学,文化人類学などの影響下で発展している。人格についての定義はきわめて多いが,アメリカの心理学者オールポートG.W.Allportの〈人格とは心理・生理的体系としての個人内にある力動的体制であり,その個人の環境に対する独自な適応を規定するものである〉という定義はとくに有名である。これに対しキャッテルR.B.Cattelの定義は〈人格とは人がある状況に置かれたとき,その人がどうするかを予測させるものである〉とする操作的なものである。… 【流言】より…とくに自然災害や突発事件が起きた場合,また検閲などがある言論統制下の社会で,しばしば流言が発生しやすい。G.W.オールポートとL.ポストマンは共著《流言の心理学》(1947)で,〈流言は人々にとっての問題の重要性と,状況のあいまいさの積に比例して流布する〉と述べて,有名な公式R~i×a(R:rumor,i:importance(重要度),a:ambiguity(あいまいさ))を提唱している。 流言には状況を説明する報道としての機能があると同時に,人々の不安や願望,さらには偏見などを反映した強い情動性が含まれている。… ※「オールポート,G.W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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