Betto Sen

Abbreviation of Kebiishi betto sen. Refers to the decree of the Kebiishi betto. A decree-style document written by a vassal official after receiving an oral order from the betto. It was mainly used during the Heian period, and is said to have first appeared in 870 (Jogan 12) in the Seiji Yoraku. It was equivalent to an imperial decree, an order from the emperor, and those who disobeyed were punished for disobeying the imperial decree. In the Middle Ages, it often took the form of a written document (hosho) presented by the house steward of the envoy betto or the magistrate's official, and was mainly used as a document for inquiries and approvals at the Kyoto Civil Court.

[Masahiro Tomita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

検非違使(けびいし)別当宣の略。検非違使別当の宣旨(せんじ)のこと。別当の口頭命令を被官(ひかん)の使庁官人(しちょうかんじん)が奉(うけたまわ)って書く宣旨様式の文書。主として平安時代に使用され、初見は『政事要略』の870年（貞観12）のものといわれる。天皇の命令である勅宣(ちょくせん)に準ぜられ、背く者は違勅の科(とが)をもって罰せられた。中世では、多くの場合、使別当(しのべっとう)の家司(けいし)または奉行(ぶぎょう)の使庁官人が奉ずる書札（奉書）の形式をとり、主として京都民政裁判の問状(といじょう)や裁許の文書として使用された。

［富田正弘］

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