Karaganda (English spelling) Караганда/Karaganda

Japanese: カラガンダ - からがんだ(英語表記)Караганда/Karaganda
Karaganda (English spelling) Караганда/Karaganda

The capital of Karaganda Oblast, located in the central part of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Central Asia. It is also written as Qaraghandy. Population: 436,900 (1999), 497,745 (2019 estimate). After the connection to the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1931, the Karaganda coalfields were fully developed, and the population rapidly increased, becoming a heavy industrial city with a vast urban area of ​​about 700 square kilometers. The old city area before the mid-19th century was demolished to create parks and green spaces, and during the Soviet era, it was an environmentally hygienic city with modern industrial complexes and residential areas separated. After that, coal production decreased significantly due to a decline in demand for coal, but still, Kazakhstan as a whole exported the largest amount to former Soviet countries such as Russia and Ukraine (late 1990s). In addition to coal mining, there are factories that manufacture mining equipment, construction materials, and construction machinery, and light industry and food processing industries have also developed. It is supplied with water from the Irtysh River by the Irtysh-Karaganda Canal (completed in 1971), and is a scientific and cultural centre, with a theatre, a university and a technical college.

[Shuji Yamashita]

Karaganda coalfields

During the Soviet era, it was the third largest coalfield after Donbass and Kuzbass. In 1989, 26 coal mines were in operation, producing 42 million tons of coal per year, but by 2000, this had fallen to 8.24 million tons per year from 11 mines. The area is about 3,000 square kilometers. The geological structure shows an elliptical basin structure that is long from east to west, and the coal seams are distributed in a compound syncline. There are about a dozen working coal seams that belong to the Carboniferous period of the Paleozoic era, and several that belong to the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era. Including unworked coal with thin coal heights, there are several dozen coal seams, and the total thickness is 80 to 105 meters. The coal quality is bituminous coal for coke, with 20% ash and less than 1% sulfur, making it of good quality.

[Kinoshita Shigenori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中央アジア、カザフスタン共和国中部に位置するカラガンダ州の州都。Qaraghandyとも表記する。人口43万6900(1999)、49万7745(2019推計)。1931年シベリア鉄道と連絡されたことを契機に、カラガンダ炭田が本格的に開発され、急速に人口が増大し、約700平方キロメートルの広大な市域を有する重工業都市となった。19世紀中葉以前の旧市内を取り壊して公園や緑地を造成し、ソ連時代には近代的工業団地と住宅群を区分した環境衛生都市であった。その後、石炭需要の低下で石炭生産は大幅に減少したが、それでもカザフ全体でみるとロシア、ウクライナなど旧ソ連邦諸国への輸出は最大である(1990年代末)。採炭のほかに鉱山機械や建設資材、建設機械の製造工場などがあり、軽工業、食品加工業も発展した。イルティシ・カラガンダ運河(1971年完成)により、イルティシ川から水が供給される。また科学、文化の中心地で、劇場、大学、専門技術者養成学校などがある。

[山下脩二]

カラガンダ炭田

ソ連邦時代にはドンバス、クズバスに次ぐ炭田であった。1989年には26炭鉱が稼働し、年産4200万トンの石炭生産があったが、2000年時点では、11炭鉱で年間824万トンに落ち込んだ。面積約3000平方キロメートル。地質構造は全体として東西に長い楕円(だえん)形の盆地構造を示し、炭層は複向斜構造をなして分布している。稼行炭層は古生代石炭紀に属するものが十数枚、中生代ジュラ紀に属するものが数枚ある。炭丈の薄い未稼行のものを含めると、炭丈は数十枚あり、その合計の厚さは80~105メートルに及ぶ。炭質はコークス用瀝青炭(れきせいたん)で、灰分20%、硫黄(いおう)分1%以下と良質である。

[木下重教]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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