Groups formed by matrices are important not only in mathematics but also in physics. In particular, the following are typical groups that have wide applications and are collectively known as classical groups. The set of n- th order square matrices with real components that have an inverse form a group under matrix multiplication. This is called the general linear group over the real number field. The set of n -th order square matrices with real components whose determinant is 1 forms a subgroup of the general linear group. This is called a special linear group over the real number field. The general linear group and special linear group over the complex number field are defined in a similar manner. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
行列の作る群は数学のみならず物理学においても重要である。とくに以下に述べるものは典型的な群として広い応用をもち,古典群と総称されている。実数を成分とするn次の正方行列で逆行列をもつものの全体は行列の積に関して群を作る。これを実数体上の一般線形群という。実数を成分とするn次正方行列で,その行列式の値が1であるものの全体は一般線形群の部分群を作る。これを実数体上の特殊線形群という。複素数体上の一般線形群,特殊線形群も同様に定義される。
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