Cummings, Edward Estlin

Japanese: カミングズ（英語表記）Cummings， Edward Estlin

Born October 14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
[Died] September 3, 1962, North Conway, New Hampshire. American poet, novelist, and painter. He graduated from Harvard University in 1915 and received his master's degree the following year. During World War I, he volunteered as a driver for the field ambulance, and while stationed in northern France, he was suspected of being a spy and was detained in a camp in northwestern France for three months. His experiences later became the experimental novel The Enormous Room (1922), which was based on Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and was highly praised by Hemingway, E. Wilson, and others, and TE Lawrence described it as "the best war novel written by an American." After the war, he spent two years in New York, and then, as a member of the "Lost Generation," studied painting in Paris for several years, exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants several times, and was friends with E. Pound and Dada poets. He returned to Japan in 1924, and in 1930 he went to Paris again for a few years, but then settled in Greenwich Village in New York and devoted himself to writing. Many of his poems are experimental, omitting punctuation and capital letters and arranging the type visually. His main collections of poems include Tulips and Chimneys (23), XLI Poems (25), & (26), is5 (26), ViVa (31), 1/20 (36), 50Poems (40), and 1×1 (44). His other works include the play Him (27) and a travelogue about the Soviet Union Eimi (33).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1894.10.14. マサチューセッツ，ケンブリッジ
[没]1962.9.3. ニューハンプシャー，ノースコンウェイ
アメリカの詩人，小説家，画家。 1915年ハーバード大学卒業，翌年修士号をとった。第1次世界大戦には野戦衛生隊の運転手として志願し，フランス北部に駐留中スパイの嫌疑を受けてフランス北西部の収容所に3ヵ月間拘禁された。その体験がのちに実験的な小説『巨大な部屋』 The Enormous Room (1922) となり，バニヤンの『天路歴程』を踏まえたこの小説はヘミングウェー，E.ウィルソンらの絶賛を浴び，T.E.ロレンスは「アメリカ人が書いた最良の戦争小説」と評した。戦後はニューヨークで2年間暮してから，「失われた世代」の作家らしく数年間パリで絵を学び，アンデパンダン展にも幾度か出品し，また E.パウンドやダダの詩人とも交遊。 24年帰国，30年には再びパリに渡り数年間を過したが，その後はニューヨークのグリニッチ・ビレッジに居を定めて創作に励んだ。彼の詩は句読点，大文字を排し，活字を視覚的に配列するなど，実験的なものが多い。おもな詩集に『チューリップと煙突』 Tulips and Chimneys (23) ，『詩四十一』 XLI Poems (25) ，『＆』 (26) ，『is5』 (26) ，『ビバ』 ViVa (31) ，『1/20』 (36) ，『詩五十』 50Poems (40) ，『1×1』 (44) 。ほかに戯曲『彼に』 Him (27) ，ソ連紀行『エイミイ』 Eimi (33) などがある。

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