A state of dormancy in which an organism spends the hot, dry summer months. The opposite of hibernation. It is common in animals in tropical regions with severe dry periods, but many animals also hibernate in temperate regions. It is seen in reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, and isopods (a group of aquatic crustaceans). Desert-dwelling mammals such as ground squirrels and small mice also hibernate in the summer. Snails and frogs, which do not have sufficient protection against the evaporation of water, often form groups in holes or crevices underground and hibernate in a state of suspended animation. Lungfish that live in the tropical regions of Africa and South America dig holes in the mud at the bottom of the water and hibernate in a curled-up position. Even when the swamp dries up, they breathe through their swim bladders (lungs), and survive until the rainy season when water enters their holes. Some plants also hibernate in the summer. In the Mediterranean region, where there is little rain in the summer, most trees other than sclerophyllous trees go into a state of aestivation. Other examples of aestivation include the shrub Onishibari, which loses its leaves in the summer, and the red spider lilies and summer daffodils, whose above-ground parts die. [Keiichi Onoyama] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
暑く乾燥する夏期に生物が休眠して過ごすこと。冬眠に対する語。熱帯の激しい乾期のある地方の動物でよくみられるが、温帯地方でも夏眠する動物は少なくない。爬虫(はちゅう)類、両生類、魚類、昆虫類、等脚(とうきゃく)類(水生甲殻類の一群)などでみられる。砂漠にすむ哺乳(ほにゅう)類のジリス類や小形ネズミ類でも夏眠がみられる。水分の蒸発に対する防護が不完全なカタツムリやカエルは、地中の穴やすきまに潜り込んでしばしば集団をつくり、仮死状態で夏眠する。アフリカや南アメリカの熱帯にすむ肺魚類は、水底の泥中に穴を掘って丸まった姿勢で夏眠し、沼地が乾燥しても、その間はうきぶくろ(肺)で呼吸し、雨期になって水が穴に入ってくるまで生き延びる。植物でも夏眠するものがある。夏に雨の少ない地中海地方では、硬葉樹以外の多くが夏眠状態になる。また、夏に落葉する低木のオニシバリ、地上部が枯死するヒガンバナやナツズイセンの例も夏眠である。 [小野山敬一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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