Suppose there is a real-valued function f ( x ) defined on a set E that includes a point c . When f ( x ) ≦ f ( c ) at all points in E that are sufficiently close to c , f is said to be a maximum at c , or to have a maximum value f ( c ). When f ( x ) ≧ f ( c ) at all points in E that are sufficiently close to c , f is said to be a minimum at c , or to have a minimum value f ( c ). In other words, when f ( c ) is said to be a maximum, it means that it is the maximum value when considered only near c (i.e. locally), and not necessarily the maximum value when considered in the entire domain. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
点cを含む一つの集合Eで定義された実数値関数f(x)があるとする。cに十分近いEのすべての点でf(x)≦f(c)となるとき,fはcにおいて極大となる,あるいは極大値f(c)をとるという。cに十分近いEのすべての点でf(x)≧f(c)となるとき,fはcにおいて極小となる,あるいは極小値f(c)をとるという。いいかえるとf(c)が極大値であるというのは,cの近くでだけ(すなわち局所的に)考えたときの最大値であって定義域全体で考えたときの最大値とは限らない。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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