Electric potential

Japanese: 電位 - でんい(英語表記)electric potential
Electric potential

It is defined as the work required to move one unit of charge quietly from a certain standard point (usually a point at infinity) to a certain position regardless of the path, and is expressed in volts (V) in the International Units (SI) system. Work is required to move a charge against an electric field. For this reason, it is possible to think of a location where an electric field that does not change over time acts as having a position energy corresponding to that location, hence the name. In particular, the difference in electric potential between two specific points is called the potential difference. In addition, since it is a single-valued function determined only by spatial coordinates unrelated to the path, it is possible to draw equipotential surfaces with equal electric potential in space.

Since the earth is an infinite conductor, its potential is zero. Therefore, if the earth is connected to the ground, even if a person touches a device with an insulation abnormality, there is no potential difference between the person and the device, so electric shock can be prevented.

[Michinori Iwata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一単位の電荷を、ある標準点(通常は無限遠点)から、その位置まで径路にかかわらず静かに運ぶのに要する仕事と定義され、国際単位(SI単位)系ではボルト(V)で表す。電界に逆らって電荷を動かすには仕事がいる。このため時間的に変化のない電界が作用している場所には、その位置に応じた位置のエネルギーがあると考えることができるのでこの名がある。とくに、特定の2点間の電位の差を電位差とよぶ。また、径路に関係しない空間座標のみで決まる一価関数であるので、空間内に等しい電位をもった等電位面を描くことができる。

 大地は無限大の導体であることから、電位はゼロとなる。このため、アース(接地)してあれば、絶縁に異常の生じた機器に人が触れても、人と機器の間には電位差がないため感電を防ぐことができる。

[岩田倫典]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Potential meter - Electrical meter

>>:  Transfer

Recommend

Zemlyanoi gorod (English spelling) Zemlyanoigorod

… In the 1580s and 1590s, a wall was built around...

Warm disease - Unbyo

It is one of the names of diseases in Chinese medi...

Ptenopus garrulus (English spelling) Ptenopusgarrulus

…Most geckos, including the tokay, are vocal, mak...

Kawaguchi Shinden

Also known as Osaka River Mouth Sea Surface New Fi...

de Jussieu, AL (English spelling) deJussieuAL

…However, with the development of botany, the tru...

Shichoge - Shichoge

A deciduous small shrub of the Rubiaceae family (i...

Hydronalium

A typical corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. Its ...

Ugrino

…In the 1920s, he wrote the novel Perugia (1929)....

Ammonios (English spelling)

A Neoplatonic philosopher active in Alexandria fro...

Ami Positive - Ami Positive

...When the halftone negative is contact printed ...

Changing of the guard ceremony

In a polynomial with n variables x 1 , x 2 , ...,...

Houkigawa

A tributary of the Naka River that flows through ...

Serbia (English spelling) Republic of Serbia

A republic located in the southeastern part of Eu...

Outfit - Idashiginu

[noun] 1. A refined decoration for formal occasion...

Chloroauric acid - Enkakinsan (English spelling)

Chemical formula: HAuCl 4 . It is obtained by reac...