An American gangster. Born in New York to a poor Italian immigrant family, he was involved with organized crime from his childhood. He moved to Chicago at the age of 21. In 1920, the United States became a dry country with the 18th Amendment to the Constitution (the so-called Prohibition Act), and as a result, moonshine and smuggled alcohol became a huge source of revenue for the underworld. Italian gangsters (the Mafia) in particular made money from illegal alcohol and expanded their influence. Capone became a representative boss and was called the "Emperor of the Underworld." He bribed the political world and the police, and is said to have earned tens of millions of dollars in 1927. He was the shadow protagonist of many murders and violent incidents, including the "St. Valentine's Day Massacre" in February 1929. In 1931, he was sentenced to 11 years in prison for tax evasion and served time at Alcatraz Prison in San Francisco Bay. He was released in 1939, but he was already infected with syphilis and never returned to the underworld. [Tokiwa Shinpei] "American History: The Age of Capone" (1984, Shueisha) edited by Kaname Saruya, Saburo Shiroyama, and Shinpei Tokiwa Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカのギャング。ニューヨークで貧しいイタリア系移民の家に生まれ、少年時代から犯罪組織に関係。21歳のときシカゴに移る。この年(1920)アメリカは憲法修正第18条(いわゆる禁酒法)によって禁酒の国になり、その結果、密造酒と密輸の酒は暗黒街の巨大な財源になった。とくにイタリア系のギャング(マフィア)が闇(やみ)酒でもうけて、勢力を拡大した。カポネはその代表的なボスの座を獲得、「暗黒街の帝王」とよばれた。政界・警察を買収し、1927年には一億数千万ドルの所得があったといわれる。29年2月の「聖バレンタインデーの虐殺」など数多くの殺人・暴力事件の影の主役であった。31年、脱税によって懲役11年の判決を受け、サンフランシスコ湾のアルカトラズ刑務所などに服役、39年に出所したが、すでに梅毒に冒されていて、暗黒街に復帰することはなかった。 [常盤新平] 『猿谷要・城山三郎・常盤新平編『人物アメリカ史5 カポネの時代』(1984・集英社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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