It refers to a person who ideologically represents the position of a particular class or party in a society. The word ideology was first used academically by the French materialist philosopher Destutt de Tracy in the late 18th century. The radical materialists of that time, including Destutt de Tracy, were political opponents of Napoleon. Napoleon was angry at their attempt to rationally enlighten the social consciousness of the people, and he called them "ideologues" in a derogatory sense, calling them "those who toy with empty ideas." Later, when Marx and Engels criticized the Young Hegelian vulgar philosophers as ideologues in The German Ideology, the same word was thrown back from the opposite position against the backdrop of the apparent contradictions of capitalist society. Thus, today it generally means people who ideologically represent the position of a particular class or party. [Yoshihisa Tanaka] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある社会において特定の階級や党派の立場を思想的に代弁する人間をさす。イデオロギーということばを初めて学問的に用いたのは、18世紀末期のフランスの唯物論哲学者デスチュット・ド・トラシであった。彼を含む当時の急進的唯物論者たちは、政治的にはナポレオンの反対者であった。ナポレオンは、彼らが民衆の社会意識の合理的啓蒙(けいもう)を企図したことを怒り、「空虚な観念をもてあそぶもの」という軽蔑(けいべつ)の意味を込めて「イデオローグ」ということばをトラシらに投げつけた。その後、マルクスとエンゲルスが『ドイツ・イデオロギー』のなかで青年ヘーゲル派の俗流哲学者たちをイデオローグとよんで批判したときには、資本主義社会の矛盾の顕在化を背景として、同じことばがまったく逆の立場から投げ返された。こうして、今日では一般に、ある階級や党派の立場を思想的に代弁する人々を意味するようになっている。 [田中義久] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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