Gavotte (English: gavotte) French

Japanese: ガボット - がぼっと(英語表記)gavotte フランス語
Gavotte (English: gavotte) French

The name of a dance. It is a cheerful dance in 2/2 time, with a medium tempo, and often starts on the second beat. The name is said to come from the Gavots, who are residents of the Gapes region of southern France. The steps are the same as the branle, which was popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, but according to the book Orchésographie des danses by Thoinot Arbeau (1519-88), an important classic in the history of dance, the difference is that the dancers "cross their legs and then jump", and it was originally danced in two lines. This form still remains in Brittany and other parts of France today. However, from the 17th century onwards, the dance style by male and female couples that was favored at the court of Louis XIV spread, and appeared not only in balls but also in operas and ballets (Lully, Rameau, Handel, Gluck). In the field of instrumental music, it became one of the dances that was indispensable in keyboard suites, and was also frequently used in violin sonatas and orchestral pieces (F. Couperin, Rameau, Purcell, Corelli, J.S. Bach, Handel, etc.). Examples can also be found in the 19th century, including Johann Strauss, Saint-Saëns, and Prokofiev.

[Toshiko Sekine]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

舞曲の名称。2分の2拍子の陽気な舞曲で、中庸の速度をもち、2拍目から始まることが多い。名称は南仏ガプ地方の住民のガボGavotsに由来するといわれる。ステップは、16~17世紀に流行したブランルbranleと同じであるが、舞踊史上の古典として重要なアルボーThoinot Arbeau(1519―88)の著書『Orchésographie des danses』によると、「足を交差させたのち跳躍する」ところが異なり、最初は2列になって踊られたという。この形は、現在でもブルターニュ地方をはじめフランス各地に残っている。しかし17世紀以降は、ルイ14世の宮廷で好まれた男女のカップルによる踊り方が広まり、舞踏会ばかりでなくオペラやバレエにも登場した(リュリ、ラモー、ヘンデル、グルック)。また器楽の分野では、鍵盤(けんばん)組曲に欠かせない舞曲の一つとなり、さらにバイオリン・ソナタや管弦楽曲でも頻繁に用いられた(F・クープラン、ラモー、パーセル、コレッリ、J・S・バッハ、ヘンデル)。なお、19世紀にもヨハン・シュトラウス、サン・サーンス、プロコフィエフらの例がみいだされる。

[関根敏子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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