Svedberg

Swedish physical chemist. Studied at Uppsala University, he became a lecturer in chemistry at his alma mater in 1907, Sweden's first professor of physical chemistry in 1912, and became a professor emeritus in 1949. While still a student, he succeeded in producing metal colloids using the underwater electric arc method. In 1907, he confirmed the experimental basis of Brownian motion in colloidal particles. He moved from colloid chemistry to protein analysis research, inventing the ultracentrifuge (1923), which he used to separate proteins and determine their molecular size and molecular weight. The unit S, which measures sedimentation velocity due to centrifugal force, is named after him (the unit of S is 1×10 ^-13 s). He also improved electrophoresis with his student AWK Tiselius. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1926 for his research on dispersed systems. In 1949, he became director of the newly established Institute of Nuclear Chemistry (until 1967), and was involved in issues such as the chemical effects of radiation.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

スウェーデンの物理化学者．ウプサラ大学に学び，1907年母校の化学講師，1912年スウェーデンの最初の物理化学教授になり，1949年名誉教授となった．学生時代にすでに水中電弧法で金属コロイドの生成に成功した．1907年コロイド微粒子についてブラウン運動の実験的根拠を確かめた．コロイド化学からタンパク質の分析研究に進み，超遠心分離器を考案し(1923年)，これを用いてタンパク質の分離，分子の大きさ，分子量の決定に成功した．遠心力による沈降速度の単位Sはかれの名前にちなむ(Sの単位は1×10^－13 s)．また，弟子のA.W.K. Tiselius(ティセリウス)とともに電気泳動法を改良した．分散系に関する研究業績により，1926年ノーベル化学賞を受賞．1949年新設の核化学研究所所長(1967年まで)となり，放射線の化学作用などの問題に関与した．

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