...Personality studies were established as an academic field from typology. Representative works include Jung (introverts and extroverts), ER Jaensch (integrated and nonintegrated), G. Pfahler (fixed and fluid), Spranger (six types of the theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, and religious man), G. Ewald (reaction types), and Kretschmer (constitutional types). As for psychopathic personality, Kraepelin divided them into neurotic, excitable, frivolous, cynical, liar, antisocial, quarrelsome, and impulsive types, mainly based on psychological characteristics and sociological relationships, while K. Schneider, mainly based on his clinical experience, divided personality disorders (psychopathy) into "those that trouble the person himself" and "those that trouble society," and listed 10 types (excited, depressed, lacking in confidence, fanatic, exhibitionist, mood swinger, explosive, lacking in emotion, lacking in will, and impotent). *Some of the terminology that mentions "Ewald, G." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…性格学が学問として確立したのは類型学からである。その代表的なものとしては,ユング(内向型と外向型),イェンシュE.R.Jaensch(統合型と非統合型),ファーラーG.Pfahler(固執型と流動型),シュプランガー(理論的人間,経済的人間,審美的人間,社会的人間,政治的人間,宗教的人間の6種型),エーワルトG.Ewald(反応類型),クレッチマー(体質学的類型)などがあげられる。また精神病質人格に関しては,クレペリンが主として心理学的特性と社会学的関係から神経質,興奮者,軽佻者,ひねくれ者,虚言欺瞞者,反社会者,好争者,衝動者に分けており,K.シュナイダーは主として臨床経験にもとづいて性格異常(精神病質)を〈自分自身が悩むもの〉と〈社会が悩まされるもの〉に分け10類型(発揚者,抑鬱者,自信欠乏者,熱狂者,顕示者,気分変動者,爆発者,情性欠如者,意志欠如者,無力者)を列挙している。… ※「エーワルト,G.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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