Liquefied oxygen (critical temperature -118.8°C, critical pressure 49.7 atm). It is obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air or fractional liquefaction of air. Liquid oxygen with more than 95% oxygen can be easily obtained by passing pressurized gaseous air through liquid air and promoting the fractional distillation of nitrogen by the heat of evaporation. This is industrially called liquid oxygen, or liquid oxygen for short. Pure liquid oxygen is pale blue in color, a paramagnetic substance that is attracted to magnets. It is used as a liquid propellant in rockets. There is a large demand for oxygen for oxygen oxidation in the steel and chemical industries, welding in shipbuilding and mechanical engineering, medical use, and aeration in water treatment, so it is sold commercially in the form of compressed gas and transported in large quantities in the form of liquid oxygen. It is stored and handled in insulated containers, but it is difficult to store for long periods of time. It can explode when mixed with organic matter, so it is dangerous to use it to cool organic matter if the container breaks. [Kenichi Morinaga] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
酸素を液化したもの(臨界温度は零下118.8℃、臨界圧49.7気圧)。液体空気の分留、または空気の分別液化によって得られる。酸素95%以上の液体酸素は、液体空気に加圧したガス状空気を通し、蒸発熱によって窒素の分留を促進することでたやすく得られる。これを工業的に液体酸素、あるいは略して液酸とよんでいる。純粋な液体酸素は淡青色、常磁性物質で磁石に吸引される。ロケットの液体推進薬として用いられる。鉄鋼、化学工業における酸素酸化、造船、機械工学における溶接用、医療用および水処理の曝気(ばっき)用として、酸素の需要が大きいので、圧縮ガスの形で市販されるほかに、液体酸素の形で大量に運搬される。貯蔵取り扱いには断熱容器を用いるが、長時間の保存はむずかしい。有機物と混合すると爆発することがあるため、有機物の冷却に用いるとき、容器が壊れると危険である。 [守永健一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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