A natural and primitive living community formed with blood ties and territorial ties as the basic principle of human bonding. Human history is thought to have probably started from such a living community, and in that sense it is primitive. People are born and grow up in a community, and by learning the lifestyle necessary for communal living, such as language, customs, and traditions, they acquire a sense of belonging as a member of the group. In this community, collective consciousness prevails over individual consciousness. Unlike functional groups that rationally pursue limited goals, basic groups are formed and develop naturally, and the bonds between people are holistic rather than partial, and emotional rather than rational. Typical examples of such basic groups are families and clans, as well as local communities such as villages, towns, and cities that include them, and ethnic groups and national societies that develop from these. [Yoshiyuki Sato] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
血縁や地縁を人間結合の基本原理として形成される自然的にして原初的な生活共同体。人類史はおそらくこのような生活共同体から出発したと思われ、その意味で原初的なのである。人々はそこに生まれ、そのなかで育ちながら、共同生活を営むに必要な生活様式、たとえば言語、慣習、伝統などを学習することによって、集団成員の1人であるという共属感情を身につける。そこでは個人意識よりも集団意識が優越する。基礎集団は、限定された目的を合理的に追求する機能集団とは異なって、その成立、発展は自然的であり、人々の結合関係は部分的ではなく全体的であり、かつ理性的であるよりはむしろ感情的である。そのような基礎集団の典型的なものは家族や氏族であり、かつそれらを含む村落や町や市などの地域共同体であり、さらにそれらの発展したものとしての民族や国民社会である。 [佐藤慶幸] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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