Construction Corporation - Construction Corporation

Japanese: 営造物法人 - えいぞうぶつほうじん

... Facilities are divided into public facilities (e.g. schools, hospitals) that are directly used by the public, and public facilities (e.g. research institutes) that are directly used by administrative bodies, but the former are particularly problematic. Facilities that have been given independent legal personality are called independent facilities, facility corporations, or public foundations (e.g. Japan National Railways and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation before privatization), while those that do not are called non-independent facilities. The establishment of facilities does not necessarily require legal basis and can be done within the budget (Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act), but matters concerning the establishment and management of "public facilities" by local governments must be determined by ordinance (Article 244-2-1 of the Local Autonomy Act). ...

From [Public Corporation]

...This concept is sometimes used to refer to the state and public organizations, and sometimes to refer only to public organizations other than the state. Public organizations are local governments (prefectures, cities, towns, villages, etc.), public associations that are public incorporated associations (land readjustment associations, land improvement districts, mutual aid associations, etc.), and public construction corporations that are public incorporated foundations (public corporations, public corporations, etc.). The state corporation theory attempts to view the state as a corporation not only when it appears in private law relationships, but also when it acts in a special position, such as exercising public power, and has played a positive role in placing the state under the constraints of law, but in this case the state is sometimes called a public corporation. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "construction corporations" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　営造物は，直接国民の利用に供せられる公共用営造物(例，学校，病院)と，直接には行政主体の用に供せられる公用営造物(例，研究所)とに分けられるが，とくに問題となるのは前者である。また，営造物のうち，独立の法人格を与えられたものを，独立営造物，営造物法人または公の財団法人(例，民営化前の日本国有鉄道，日本電信電話公社)といい，そうでないものを非独立営造物という。　営造物の設置には，法律の根拠は必ずしも必要ではなく，予算の範囲内でできるが(国家行政組織法8条)，地方公共団体の〈公の施設〉の設置･管理に関する事項は条例で定めなければならない(地方自治法244条の2‐1項)。…

【公法人】より

…この観念は，国および公共団体を指す意味で用いられる場合と，国以外の公共団体のみを指す意味で用いられる場合とがある。公共団体とは，地方公共団体(都道府県，市町村など)，公の社団法人である公共組合(土地区画整理組合，土地改良区，共済組合など)および公の財団法人たる営造物法人(公社，公団など)である。　国家法人説は，国が私法関係においてあらわれる場合のみならず，公権力を行使するなどの特別の地位において活動する場合においても，国を法人としてとらえようとしたものであり，国を法の拘束のもとにおくという点で積極的な役割を有したが，この場合，国は公法人とよばれることがある。…

※「営造物法人」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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