horse

Japanese: うま
horse

…Nishina Shinmei Shrine is also horizontal, but there are fewer examples like this. Farmhouse chigi are called uma, uma-nori, kura, kurakake, etc., and are found throughout the country as ridge decorations, especially in mountainous areas. The number of chigi is usually an odd number such as 3, 5, or 7, and the higher the number, the higher the social status. …

From 【Private House】

...This is sometimes understood as a regional characteristic of private houses. In thatched roofs, the ridge is usually covered with cedar bark and wrapped in bamboo, but there are also thatches with a curved top (Izumo region), and thatches with crossed pieces of wood called "kura" or "uma" to hold them down (Takachiho and Tamba regions). There are also various styles, such as those with bundles of thatch laid horizontally, those with piles of earth on boards called "kuregushi" (Kanto region), those with tiles called "ganburi" (Tokushima and Saga prefectures), and those with a small roof called a "hakomune" (box ridge).

*Some of the terminology that mentions "uma" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…仁科神明宮も水平であるが,このような例のほうが少ない。農家の置千木は,うま,うまのり,くら,くらかけなどとよばれ,棟仕舞として全国的にあり,特に山間部に多い。千木の数は3,5,7など奇数とするのが普通で,その数が多いほど社会的地位が高いことを表した。…

【民家】より

…それが民家の地域的な特徴として理解されることもある。茅葺き屋根では,棟を杉皮で覆い,竹などで簀巻(すまき)にするのが普通であるが,棟の上部に反りをもたせたもの(出雲地方),押えとして〈くら〉〈うま〉などと呼ばれる交差した木を置くもの(高千穂地方,丹波地方)などがある。また茅の束を横に渡したものや,〈くれぐし〉といって板の上に土を盛ったもの(関東地方),雁振(がんぶり)と呼ぶ瓦を置いたもの(徳島県,佐賀県),箱棟(はこむね)と呼ぶ小屋根を置いたものなど,いろいろな形式がある。…

※「うま」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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