Chita (English spelling)

Japanese: チタ（英語表記）Chita

A former region in the south of Eastern Siberia, in central-eastern Russia. It includes the former Agaburyat Autonomous Okrug in the south. Its centre is Chita. In 2008, Chita Oblast and Agaburyat Autonomous Okrug were merged to form Zabaikalsky Krai. It is located in Zabaikalye, bordering Mongolia to the south and China to the southeast. Most of the area is mountainous and hilly with many undulating terrains, including the Yablonobu Mountains. The northern part is in the upper reaches of the Lena River, and the central and southern parts are in the source area of the Amur River. It has a continental climate, with average temperatures of -33 to -26°C in January and 17 to 21°C in July. Annual precipitation is 250 to 400 mm. Most of the area is in coniferous forest, but there are forest steppe and steppe areas in the south. Blessed with mineral resources, the country has deposits of gold, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, lead, zinc, and coal, and its mining and manufacturing industries are centered on mining and primary processing of these minerals, with the main sectors being steel, machinery, lumber, food, leather, and fur. Agriculture is centered on sheep farming, and reindeer, foxes, and squirrels are also raised. The main transportation route is the Trans-Siberian Railway, which runs east-west through the center, with a line branching off to China southeast of Chita. The southeastern part of the country has a relatively well-developed road network.

Chita
Chita

The administrative center of Zabaikalskiy Krai, in the south of Eastern Siberia, in central-eastern Russia. It was the capital of the former Chita Oblast. It is one of the central cities of Zabaikalye along with Ulan-Ude, and is located at the confluence of the Chita River and the Ingota River, which is a part of the Amur River system. It began as a winter camp for the Cossacks in 1653, and a fortress was built in 1690. It prospered through trade with China. The Decembrists, who were exiled here after the failure of their revolt in December 1825, contributed to the city's prosperity, and it developed rapidly after the Trans-Siberian Railway was opened in 1900. Industries include locomotive and railroad car repair, machinery, wood processing, food, leather and fur, and textile complexes and automobile factories have also been built. There are also coalfields in the vicinity, and coal mining is active. There are medical and educational universities. It is the main station of the Trans-Siberian Railway, and has an international airport, connecting it to various parts of Russia. Population: 323,964 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ロシア中東部，東シベリア南部の旧州域。南部に旧アガブリヤート自治管区を含む。中心地チタ。2008年チタ州とアガブリヤート自治管区が統合してザバイカリスキー地方となった。ザバイカリエにあり，南はモンゴルに，南東は中国に接して位置する。大部分が起伏に富んだ山地，丘陵地帯で，ヤブロノブイ山脈をはじめとする多数の山脈が連なる。北部はレナ川上流域，中・南部はアムール川源流域に属する。大陸性気候で，1月の平均気温－33～－26℃，7月は 17～21℃。年降水量 250～400mm。大部分が針葉樹林地帯に入るが，南部に森林ステップ，ステップ地帯がみられる。鉱物資源に恵まれ，金，スズ，タングステン，モリブデン，鉛，亜鉛，石炭などを埋蔵し，鉱工業はそれらの採掘と 1次加工を中心に，鉄鋼，機械，製材，食品，皮革・毛皮などが主要部門である。農業は牧羊が中心で，トナカイ，キツネ，リスなどの飼養も行なわれる。主要交通路は中央部を東西に通るシベリア横断鉄道で，チタの南東で中国方面へ通じる路線が分岐する。南東部では道路網が比較的発達している。

チタ
Chita

ロシア中東部，東シベリア南部，ザバイカリスキー地方の行政中心地。旧チタ州の州都であった。ウランウデと並ぶザバイカリエの中心都市で，アムール川水系のインゴダ川にチタ川が合流する地点に位置する。1653年コサックの冬営所が設けられたことに始まり，1690年要塞が築かれ，中国との交易で栄えた。1825年12月の蜂起に失敗したのち，この地に流刑にされたデカブリストが市の繁栄に貢献，1900年シベリア横断鉄道が通じてから急速に発展した。機関車・鉄道車両修理，機械，木材加工，食品，皮革・毛皮などの工業があり，繊維コンビナート，自動車工場も建設されている。また近郊に炭田があり採炭が盛ん。医科，教育の各大学がある。シベリア鉄道の主要駅があるとともに，国際空港があり，ロシア各地と結ばれている。人口 32万3964（2010）。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Chita [city] - Chita

>>: Anti-land tax reform uprising