Uji

Japanese: 宇治 - うじ

(1) The place name (ancient village name) of Uji County and Kuse County in Yamashiro Province, which has been inherited as the city name of Uji City in Kyoto Prefecture. The Uji River flows between the two counties, with Uji-go, Uji County, on the right bank and Uji-go, Kuse County, on the left bank. In ancient times, the area was called Uji-sato. It was written as Uchi (Kojiki), Udo (Nihon Shoki), Udo-shi-kore (Manyoshu), and Uji (Harima no Kuni Fudoki), but since the early Heian period, Uji has been used almost exclusively. Uji was a crossing point on the Hokuriku Road (later the Nara Kaido) in the Nara period, and the first Uji Bridge in Japan was built in the mid-7th century. Since then, Uji Bridge and the nearby Uji Port have developed into a hub of land and water transportation. After the Heian capital was transferred to the capital, the area's beautiful scenery made it a popular sightseeing spot for the imperial family and aristocrats, and villas, villas, and Buddhist temples were built there. One of these was Byodo-in Temple. The Uji River and Uji Ferry were already mentioned in the Manyoshu, but after the Kokin Wakashu, Mount Uji, the Uji Bridge, and Uji's Ajiro were added, and poems with the phrase "in Uji" in the legend were popular, becoming utamakura (a pillow-like pillow). In prose, the Tale of Genji uses the Uji Ten Chapters as the setting, and diaries such as the Dragonfly Diary and the Sarashina Diary record the journey to Hase Shrine in Yamato. In 1180, Mochihito and Minamoto no Yorimasa raised an army to overthrow the Taira clan, but were defeated and killed in the battle at Uji Bridge. Since then, Uji was a frequent site of war throughout the Middle Ages (the Battle of Uji River), and Byodo-in Temple was a meeting place for local people during the Yamashiro Province Uprising. It is said that the planting of Uji tea, which is still the main industry of Uji, began in the 13th century, and by the mid-14th century it had become a famous producer of tea. There are seven famous tea gardens in Uji-go, which were opened by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and they were called the Seven Famous Gardens of Uji. During the Edo period, Uji-go maintained a strong rural town character, focusing on production at these seven famous gardens. The Kanbayashi clan, the Uji magistrate, lived there, and several dozen Uji tea masters who did business with the shogunate and various daimyo formed the Uji Tea Master Sanakagama. The area that belonged to Uji County was called Ochikata Village in the early Edo period, but was merged into Uji-go, Kuze County, by the middle period. Uji-go became Uji Town in 1889, and was the core of the establishment of Uji City in 1951. (2) Place names in Mie Prefecture (Ise Province). Located in the center of present-day Ise City, the area in front of the torii gate of the Inner Shrine of Ise Grand Shrine was called Uji, and the area in front of the torii gate of the Outer Shrine was called Yamada. Since the Middle Ages, it has had a strong character as a temple town (toriimae town), and the Uji Council (Ego) was formed as an autonomous organization. During the Muromachi period, there were frequent conflicts with Yamada, and in 1486, the Uji side requested soldiers from the Kitabatake clan to attack Yamada, burning down the Outer Shrine, and in 1489, the Yamada side burned down Uji. During the Edo period, it was under the jurisdiction of the shogunate and was ruled by the Yamada Magistrate. In 1788, the number of households was about 1,000. In 1889, Uji and Yamada merged to form Ujiyamada Town, and in 1906, Ujiyamada City. After subsequent town and village mergers, the city was renamed Ise City in 1955. → Meeting of the Councilors → Related Articles Prince Oshikuma | Yamada

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

（１）山城国宇治郡および久世(くせ)郡の地名（古代の郷名）で，京都府宇治市の市名に継承されている。両郡堺に宇治川が流れ，右岸に宇治郡宇治郷，左岸に久世郡宇治郷があり，古くには合わせて〈宇治里〉とも呼ばれた。宇遅（《古事記》），菟道（《日本書紀》），兎道・氏・是（《万葉集》），宇治（《播磨国風土記》）などと記されたが，平安時代前期以降はほぼ宇治が用いられるようになった。宇治は奈良時代の北陸道（のちの奈良街道）の渡河点であり，７世紀半ばには日本で最初の宇治橋が架けられ，以後宇治橋とその付近にあった宇治津を核に水陸交通の結節点として発展。平安遷都後は風光明媚であることから皇族，貴族の遊覧の地となり，離宮，別業(なりどころ)や仏堂が営まれた。その一つが平等院である。すでに《万葉集》に宇治川や宇治渡(うじのわたり)が詠まれているが，《古今和歌集》以後は宇治山，宇治橋，宇治の網代(あじろ)などが加わり，また詞書に〈宇治にて〉と記す歌が盛んに詠まれ，歌枕となった。また散文でも《源氏物語》が〈宇治十帖〉の舞台としたのをはじめ，《蜻蛉(かげろう)日記》《更級(さらしな)日記》などの日記類が大和の初瀬詣(はせもうで)の道中に記している。1180年平氏打倒の兵を挙げた以仁(もちひと)王・源頼政らは宇治橋での合戦で敗死するが，以後中世を通じて宇治の地はたびたび戦乱の舞台となり（宇治川の戦），山城国一揆の際には平等院は国人の集会(しゅうえ)の場となった。現在も宇治の主要産業である宇治茶の植栽は13世紀に開始されたと伝え，14世紀中ごろには著名な産出品となっていた。宇治郷には足利義満が開かせたという７ヵ所の名茶園があり，宇治七名園と称された。江戸時代の宇治郷はこの七名園での生産を中心として在郷町的性格を強く保ち，宇治代官上林(かんばやし)氏が居住し，幕府・諸大名と取引をする宇治茶師数十家が宇治茶師三仲ヶ間を結成していた。宇治郡に属していた地域は江戸時代初期には乙方(おちかた)村と呼ばれたが，中期までには久世郡宇治郷に併合された。宇治郷は1889年宇治町となり，1951年宇治市成立の核となった。（２）三重県（伊勢国）の地名。現在の伊勢市中心部にあり，伊勢神宮の内宮の鳥居前を宇治，外宮(げぐう)の鳥居前を山田と呼んだ。中世から門前町（鳥居前町）としての性格が強く，自治組織として宇治会合(えごう)が形成された。室町時代には山田との争いがたびたび発生し，1486年宇治側が北畠氏の兵を頼んで山田に攻め入り外宮が炎上，1489年には山田側が宇治を焼き払っている。江戸時代は幕府管轄下におかれ，山田奉行が支配。1788年の戸数約1000。1889年宇治と山田が合併して宇治山田町，1906年宇治山田市となり，その後の町村合併を経て1955年伊勢市と改称。→会合衆
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