Kei - Keisuru

Japanese: 啓 - けいする

〘Other Sa Variations〙 kei・su 〘Other Sa Variations〙① To make a statement to the three princes (the Grand Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager, and the Empress ) and the Crown Prince. To report to a nobleman. For the Emperor, use "kanasu." ※Yamato (around 947-957) 168 "The Empress Gojo sent an envoy from her chamberlain to search the mountains. <Omitted> The Shosho Daitoku remarked, <Omitted> and said, 'Even when we are separated by the endless clouds, can we not leave people in our hearts? Please understand that I have said so.'"② (Especially in records and other writings in a Chinese style) Used to respectfully convey a statement or report to the other person. ※Toji Yuri Documents - Ho (Tensho 1st Year Ka) (1131 Ka) May 26th, Left Grand Historian Otsuki Masashi's request "Other matters _{_should} be pursued and announced" [Additional notes] "Satsu" and "Kaku" are said to be absolute honorifics because they are used only with limited people such as the Emperor, the Retired Emperor, the Empress, and the Crown Prince. However, "Kaku" is used in correspondence and other documents simply to mean speaking to nobles, and in "Utsubo Monogatari," it is used prominently to mean speaking to the Retired Emperor. Was it used at the time, or without a strict distinction?

Kei [Kei]

[1] 〘 noun 〙① One of the formats of official documents stipulated in the official decrees (Kushikiryo) . A document presented to the Crown Prince and the three Empresses in response to the Imperial message. ※Ryo Gikai (718) Official: " _{We will} inform you of _{the Imperial} message. If _not, _{please inform} us. That is what it means. Imperial disposition, etc."② To report something to the Crown Prince or the three Empresses. → to inform. ※Goyudono Jounal - December 29, 1477 (Bunmei 9) "Hino Chunagon Hiromitsu's request for his permission."③ A private document from the Nara period, a correspondence between individuals. ※Shosoin documents - May 24, 763 (Tenpyo Houji 7) - Ando Yutari Kei "Sincerely yours, I have requested 3 koku of black rice and 5 koku of azuki beans (abbreviated) I have received this _letter . Since modern times, this word has been used at the beginning of a letter to show respect. It is less respectful than "Dear". *To a friend in the capital, from S. (1907) <Kunikida Doppo> "Sir, I am writing this letter in the style of a question and answer, which is popular these days." [2] A legendary king in ancient China. Son of King Yu of the Xia Dynasty . Family name: Si . He ascended to the throne in place of Yi, who had ascended to the throne through abdication, but was recommended to do so by feudal lords who admired Yu's virtue. It is said that the hereditary dynasty system began from this time.

Kei-su [Kei]

〘Other suffixes〙 ⇒ Keisuru (to enlighten)

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘他サ変〙けい・す〘他サ変〙① 三宮（太皇太后・皇太后・皇后）、皇太子に申しあげる。貴人に言上する。天皇には「奏す」を用いる。※大和（947‐957頃）一六八「五条の后(きさい)の宮より、内舎人を御使にて山々尋ねさせ給ひけり。〈略〉少将大徳うちなきて、〈略〉『かぎりなき雲ゐのよそに別るとも人を心におくらざらめやは、となむ申しつるとけいしたまへ』といひける」② (特に、記録体など、漢文調の文章で) 相手を敬って、申し上げる、言上するの意に用いる。※東寺百合文書‐ほ・（天承元年カ）（1131か）五月二六日・左大史小槻政重請文「他事追可_レ令_レ啓候」[補注]「奏す」「啓す」は、帝・院・后・東宮といった限られた相手にのみ用いられるところから、絶対敬語といわれる。しかし、「啓す」は、往来物等では、単に貴人に対して申し上げるという意味で使用されており、また、「宇津保物語」では、「院」に対して申し上げる意味の用法が目立つ。当時、あるいは厳密な区別なしに用いられたものか。

けい【啓】

[1] 〘名〙① 令の編目である公式令(くしきりょう)に定められた公文書の様式の一つ。令旨に対して、皇太子および三后に下から奉る文書。※令義解（718）公式「奉_レ令依_レ啓。若不_レ依_レ啓者。即云。令処分。云々」② 皇太子や三后に事を申し上げること。→啓する。※御湯殿上日記‐文明九年（1477）一二月二九日「日野の中納言ひろ光の卿けいをそうす」③ 奈良時代の私文書で、個人の間でとりかわされた往復書状。※正倉院文書‐天平宝字七年（763）五月二四日・安都雄足啓「謹啓借請黒米参斛伍斗小豆伍斗〈略〉今具_レ状、謹啓」④ 近代以後、手紙のはじめに書いて敬意を表わす語。「拝啓」より、敬意が少ない。※都の友へ、Ｓ生より（1907）〈国木田独歩〉「啓、小生は近頃流行の問答体にて此書状を認め」[2] 中国古代の伝説上の王。夏の禹王(うおう)の子。姓は姒(じ)。禅譲によって帝位についた益に代わり、禹の徳を思う諸侯に推されて即位。この時から世襲王朝制が始まったという。