In a finite region on the complex plane, a single-valued complex relation f ( u ) has no singular points except at the poles, is differentiable at all points except the poles, and has two complex numbers ω1 and ω2 (the quotient of which is not a real number) such that f ( u ) = f( u + ω1 ) and f ( u ) = f ( u + ω2 ) are always true for u. When this relation has two complex numbers ω1 and ω2 (the quotient of which is not a real number), this f ( u ) is called a general elliptic function. As is clear from the above relation, ω1 and ω2 each indicate a period. In other words, an elliptic function is a general term for single-valued regular doubly periodic functions with fundamental periods of ω1 and ω2 . Functions obtained by differentiating elliptic functions, or functions obtained by performing operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division between several elliptic functions with the same fundamental period, are also elliptic functions. K. Weierstrass defined three elliptic functions, the (p) function, the ζ function, and the σ function (Weierstrass elliptic functions), and any elliptic function can be expressed by these Weierstrass functions. K. Jacobi also defined three elliptic functions, sn, cn, and dn, as inverse functions of the first kind of Legendre–Jacobi standard form of elliptic integrals. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
複素平面上の有限な領域で一価の複素関係 f(u) が極以外には特異点をもたず,極を除くすべての点で微分可能であって,u について常に f(u)=f(u+ω1) ,f(u)=f(u+ω2) の成り立つような2つの複素数 ω1 ,ω2 (これらの商は実数でない) をもつとき,この f(u) を広義の楕円関数という。上の関係式からも明らかなように,ω1 ,ω2 はそれぞれ周期を示している。すなわち,楕円関数とは ω1 ,ω2 を基本周期とする一価の正則な二重周期関数の総称である。楕円関数を微分して得られる関数,あるいは同じ基本周期をもついくつかの楕円関数の間に加減乗除の演算を施して得られる関数も楕円関数となる。 K.ワイエルシュトラスは (ペー) 関数,ζ 関数,σ 関数という3つの楕円関数 (ワイエルシュトラスの楕円関数) を定義したが,任意の楕円関数はこのワイエルシュトラスの関数によって表わすことができる。また K.ヤコービは楕円積分の第1種ルジャンドル=ヤコービの標準形の逆関数として sn ,cn ,dn の3つの楕円関数を定義した。
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