A judge who hears civil and criminal cases based on Islamic law (Sharia). They are appointed by the caliph, the head of the Muslim community. Because the law on which the qadi is based is essentially religious law, the qadi's functions are also religious, and they only deal with issues closely related to religion, such as crimes (had) for which punishment is prescribed in the Quran, management of waqf (donated property), marriage, and inheritance. Administrative cases and cases related to public order, which are not subject to Sharia, and punishments are handled by other institutions such as the Mazarim courts (administrative courts), the shurta (police), and the muhtasibs (market supervisors), rather than by the qadi. [Shigeru Kamata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イスラム法(シャリーア)に基づいて民事、刑事に相当する審理を行う裁判官のこと。ムスリム共同体の長であるカリフに任命されるのをたてまえとする。カーディーの拠(よ)る法が本質的に宗教法であるため、カーディーの機能もまた宗教的であり、コーランに処罰規定のある犯罪(ハッド)、ワクフ(寄進財産)の管理、婚姻、相続といった宗教と密接な問題を取り扱うのみである。シャリーアの適用されない行政訴訟や治安に関する訴訟、処罰はカーディーの裁判にはよらずに、マザーリム法廷(行政裁判所)、シュルタ(警察)、ムフタシブ(市場監督官)などの別の機関が担当した。 [鎌田 繁] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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