A vast salt marsh stretching 250km east to west and 150km north to south, stretching from Gujarat in western India to southern Pakistan. The rise of the Karthiawar Peninsula to the south and the accumulation of sediment near the mouth of the Indus River closed off an inland bay from the Arabian Sea, turning it into a lagoon. With an elevation of only a few metres above sea level, it is widely flooded with seawater during high tides and the southwest monsoon. However, as the neighboring Thar Desert to the north shows, the area is in an arid climate with an annual rainfall of less than 400mm, so the marsh dries up and white chloride crystallisation can be seen here and there, with the soil generally being a barren, blackish silty soil. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
インド西部,グジャラート州からパキスタン南部に続く,東西250km,南北150kmの広大な塩性の湿地。南側にあるカーティアーワール半島の上昇ならびにインダス河口付近の土砂堆積によって,アラビア海への出口を閉ざされた内湾が潟湖化したもの。標高わずか数mしかなく,高潮位の時や南西モンスーン期には海水によって広く冠水する。しかし,北に隣接してタール砂漠があるように,年降水量400mm以下の乾燥気候下にあるので,湿地帯は干上がり,所どころに白い塩化物の晶出がみられ,全体として黒みを帯びた不毛のシルト質の土壌となっている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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