Inselberg - Inselberg (English spelling) German

Japanese: インゼルベルク - いんぜるべるく(英語表記)Inselberg ドイツ語
Inselberg - Inselberg (English spelling) German

This refers to an island-like hill or isolated hill that develops in arid regions. This term is used for two landforms. The landform for which this term is widely used is a small mountain (berg) that protrudes like an island (insel) on an eroded flat pediplain formed by the expansion of a pediment in an arid landform. There is a sudden change in the slope at the boundary between the steep slope of the hill and the pediment, but the angle varies depending on the type of rock. However, the cross section is concave. The other landform is an inselberg, which develops in crystalline rocks such as granite that have vertical joints (cracks), and due to the influence of these joints, the landform resembles a bell lying down on a flat land. Bell-shaped landforms also develop in savannas. These two landforms have in common the fact that they are both isolated on plains, but their longitudinal sections are different, so to distinguish between the two, some researchers use the name "Bornhardt" for the latter, in honor of W. Bornhardt, the German geologist who first studied "island hills" in East Africa.

[Yoshihiko Akagi]

[Reference] | Pediment

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

乾燥地帯に発達する島状丘地形や孤立丘地形をいう。この用語は二つの地形に使用されている。この用語が広く使用されている地形は、乾燥地形のペディメントpedimentが拡大して形成された、侵食平坦(へいたん)面のペディプレーンpediplainに島(Insel)状に突出した小規模な山(Berg)である。小山の急斜面とペディメントの境には斜面の急変部があるが、その角度は岩石の種類によって異なる。しかし、その縦断面形は凹形となっている。もう一つの地形は、花崗(かこう)岩などの結晶質岩石で、垂直な節理(割れ目)がある岩石の所に発達しているインゼルベルクで、この節理の影響により、平坦地に釣鐘を伏せたような地形である。釣鐘状の地形はサバンナにも発達している。この二つの地形は平原に孤立している点では共通しているが、縦断面は異なっているので、両者を区別するため、後者に、東アフリカで最初に「島状丘」の研究をしたドイツの地質学者ボルンハルトW. Bornhardtを記念して「ボルンハルト」を使用する研究者もいる。

[赤木祥彦]

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