What is the disease? What is commonly called the tonsils is the uvula ( When the tonsils become larger than normal, they are called enlarged tonsils. These tonsils form rings around the nose and throat and are thought to play a defensive role by producing immunity against pathogens from the outside world. The largest is the palatine tonsil, which has a walnut-like appearance with 10 to 20 tunnels and a large surface area (295 cm2), making it easy to receive stimuli and information from the outside world. However, this complex internal structure can sometimes actually promote bacterial infection. What is the cause? At birth, the tonsils The palatine tonsils and pharyngeal tonsils physiologically grow in size around the age of one, when immunity from the mother weakens. The palatine tonsils begin to enlarge around the age of two or three, reach their maximum size at the age of seven or eight, and naturally shrink by the age of nine or ten. The pharyngeal tonsils grow one or two years earlier than the palatine tonsils, reaching their peak enlargement at around the age of six or seven. Tonsils gradually become smaller in the latter half of childhood, but the degree and progression of hypertrophy varies greatly from person to person, and hypertrophy can sometimes continue into adulthood. For example, the lingual tonsils enlarge between the ages of 20 and 30. Hypertrophy appears earlier in women, and lingual tonsillar hypertrophy is more common than in men. How symptoms manifestEnlarged tonsils directly narrow the airway (the air passage from the nose to the lungs), which can lead to snoring and sleep apnea syndrome. Also, if the palatine tonsils are too large, it can cause swallowing problems when eating. Testing and diagnosisThe degree of palatine tonsillar hypertrophy is classified as follows: ・1st degree hypertrophy: When it protrudes slightly. ・Grade 2 hypertrophy: Between grade 1 and grade 3. - 3rd degree enlargement: When the tonsils are touching each other. ・ Treatment methods If the hypertrophy occurs acutely, it may be improved by administering medicine. Soichiro Miyazaki, Kohei Honda "> Figure 12. Types and locations of tonsils "> Figure 13. Types and locations of tonsils (cross-section) Enlarged tonsils |
どんな病気か 一般的に扁桃腺と呼ばれているのは、のどちんこ( これらの扁桃が、通常よりも大きくなった状態を扁桃肥大といいます。 これらの扁桃は、鼻とのどに輪をつくるように存在しています。外界からの病原体に対する免疫を産生していることから、防御機能を果たしていると考えられています。 最も大きなものが口蓋扁桃で、クルミのような外観のなかには10~20本程度のトンネルがあり、広い表面積(295㎠)を有して、外界からの刺激や情報を受け入れやすい構造になっています。しかし、このように内部が複雑に入り組んだ構造が、かえって細菌感染を助長する原因になることがあります。 原因は何か 扁桃は、生まれた時には 口蓋扁桃、咽頭扁桃は、母体からの免疫が薄れる1歳すぎから相前後して生理的に大きさを増します。口蓋扁桃は2~3歳ころより肥大が始まり、7~8歳で最大になり、9~10歳ころには自然に小さくなります。咽頭扁桃は、口蓋扁桃より1~2年先行して大きくなり、6~7歳ころに肥大のピークがあります。 扁桃は、学童期後半に次第に小さくなりますが、肥大の程度、経過は個人差が大きく、時に大人になっても肥大が持続することがあります。たとえば、舌根扁桃は20~30歳にかけて肥大します。女性では肥大が早期に出現し、男性に比べて舌根扁桃肥大がよくみられます。 症状の現れ方扁桃肥大は、直接に気道(鼻から肺までの空気の通り道)を狭くすることから、いびきや睡眠時無呼吸(すいみんじむこきゅう)症候群を起こすことがあります。また、口蓋扁桃が大きすぎると、食事の際に嚥下(えんげ)障害を起こすことがあります。 検査と診断口蓋扁桃肥大の程度は次のように分けられます。 ・1度肥大:わずかに突出する場合。 ・2度肥大:1度と3度の中間。 ・3度肥大:扁桃が互いに接するほどの場合。 ・ 治療の方法 急性に肥大した場合であれば、薬物投与で改善することがあります。ただ、長期間にわたり肥大、 宮崎 総一郎, 本田 耕平 "> 図12 扁桃の種類と位置 "> 図13 扁桃の種類と位置(断面図) 扁桃肥大
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