Iconography (→ Buddhist iconography). Works of art are generally understood to have two aspects: form and content. Iconography is the study of describing and defining the content of images. Furthermore, the study of interpreting the inherent meaning in relation to form is called iconology. Iconography is a combination of the Greek words eikon (image) and graphein (to depict). In ancient times, the term eikonographos (portrait painter) was used (Aristotle's Poetics), and in the Renaissance it was considered the study of portraits of famous ancient people (Z. Ursinus, 1569). On the other hand, since Boccaccio's Theogony, attempts have been made to describe and systematize images of ancient gods. After the 16th century, excavations and research of ancient Christian art, such as catacombs, became popular, and in the 19th century the term came to refer mainly to the description and definition of meaning of these (Dideron's Outline of Christian Iconography, 1847, etc.). Today, it is defined as the second of the three stages of iconographic interpretation proposed by E. Panofsky, which describes and systematizes the meaning of an image, which can only be understood based on an understanding of a specific cultural tradition. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
図像学 (→仏教図像学 ) 。美術作品は一般に形式と内容の2面から成り立つと解されるが,特に図像の内容を記述,規定する学をいう。さらにそこに内在する本質的意味を形式との相関において解釈する学をイコノロジーという。イコノグラフィーはギリシア語のエイコン (像) とグラフェイン (描写する) から成る。古代では肖像画家 (エイコノグラフォス) なる名辞も用いられ (アリストテレスの『詩学』) ,ルネサンスでは古代の著名な人物の肖像に関する学 (Z.ウルジヌス,1569) とされた。他方ボッカチオの『神統記』以来古代の神々の像を記述し体系化する試みが行われる。 16世紀以後はカタコンベなどキリスト教古代美術の発掘,研究が盛んになり,19世紀には主としてこれらの記述,意味の規定をさすようになった (ディドロンの『キリスト教図像学提要』〈1847〉など) 。現代では E.パノフスキーによって提案された図像解釈の3段階の第2段階として定義される。ここでは特定の文化伝統の理解のうえに立って初めて把握される形像の意味内容の記述と体系化がいわれている。
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