It is a derivative of pyrimidine bases that is widely found in the living world and is contained in ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is a colorless needle-like crystal with a molecular weight of 112. It can be synthesized by condensing urea and malic acid with fuming sulfuric acid. It is poorly soluble in water and almost insoluble in organic solvents, but is soluble in warm water and dissolves in alkali in the enol form (a bond in which a hydroxyl group is bonded to one end of the ethylene bond). It is stable in acid and is different from cytosine. Uracil is an important chemical substance as a component of nucleic acids related to genetic phenomena and protein biosynthesis, but unlike other nucleic acid bases such as adenine, guanine, and cytosine, it is not found in either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA, but only in RNA. Except in the case of special viruses, RNA is synthesized by RNA synthesis enzymes copying the base sequence of DNA, and uracil is incorporated into RNA in place of thymine in DNA. Uracil is also extremely important as a component of sugar nucleotides such as UDP (uridine diphosphate) glucose, which play an important role as a precursor in the biosynthesis of sugars. [Kenichi Kasai] [References] | | |©Shogakukan "> Uracil (enol and keto forms) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広く生物界に存在するピリミジン塩基の誘導体で、リボ核酸(RNA)中に含まれている。無色の針状晶で、分子量は112。尿素とリンゴ酸とを発煙硫酸によって縮合させることにより合成できる。水には難溶で、有機溶媒にはほとんど溶けないが、温水には溶けやすく、アルカリにはエノール形(エチレン結合の一端にヒドロキシ基が結合した結合様式)となって溶ける。酸に対しては安定で、シトシンとは異なる。ウラシルは、遺伝現象やタンパク質の生合成などに関係する核酸の構成成分として重要な化学物質であるが、他の核酸塩基、アデニン、グアニン、シトシンのようにDNA(デオキシリボ核酸)にもRNAにも含まれるのではなく、RNAだけに含まれる。特殊なウイルスなどの場合を除いて、RNAは、RNA合成酵素がDNAの塩基配列を写しとることによって合成されるが、その際DNA中でチミンが配置されていた場所については、ウラシルが置き換わってRNA中に組み込まれる。またウラシルは、糖類の生合成に前駆体物質として重要な役割を果たすUDP(ウリジン二リン酸)グルコースなどの糖ヌクレオチド類の構成成分としてもきわめて重要である。 [笠井献一] [参照項目] | | |©Shogakukan"> ウラシル(エノール形とケト形) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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