A medical instrument used to observe and diagnose the inside of the stomach. The gastroscope is said to have first been used in 1863 when German physician Adolf Kussmaul (1822-1902) used a 47-centimeter metal tube to successfully peer inside the stomach of a sword-swallowing performer. In 1933, German physician Rudolf Schindler (1888-1968) invented the flexible gastroscope, which was made by incorporating many lenses inside a rubber hose, making gastroscopic examinations practical, but it was very painful and did not become widespread. The gastroscope, developed in Japan in 1950 (Showa 25), inserts a small camera into the stomach to take pictures of the inside instead of looking directly at it, and this led to many doctors performing endoscopic examinations of the stomach. Gastroscopy became widely used after Basil Isaac Hirschowitz (1925- ), an American physician, invented the fiberscope in 1957. Today, electronic scopes with a small image sensor (CCD) at the tip are used exclusively. [Tagasu Yukio] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
胃の内部を観察し診断するための医療器具。1863年にドイツの内科医クスマウルAdolf Kussmaul(1822―1902)が、47センチメートルの金属管を用い、呑刀(どんとう)師(刀を呑(の)み込む奇術を行う芸人)の胃の内部をかいまみるのに成功したのが、胃鏡の始まりとされている。1933年にドイツの内科医シンドラーRudolf Schindler(1888―1968)が、多数のレンズをゴムホースの内部に組み込んでつくった軟性胃鏡を発明し、胃鏡検査は実用的なものとなったが、苦痛も大きく、広く普及するには至らなかった。1950年(昭和25)に日本で開発された胃カメラは、直接見るかわりに、胃内に小型カメラを挿入して内部を撮影するもので、これによって胃の内視鏡検査は多くの医師の手で行われるようになった。胃鏡検査が盛んに行われるようになったのは、アメリカの内科医ヒルショビッツBasil Isaac Hirschowitz(1925― )が1957年にファイバースコープを発明した以降のことである。今日では、先端に小型撮像素子(CCD)を組み込んだ電子スコープがもっぱら使用されている。 [多賀須幸男] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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