Ionization isomerism

Japanese: イオン化異性 - いおんかいせい(英語表記)ionization isomerism
Ionization isomerism

This isomerism occurs when salts or complex salts with the same chemical formula release different ions when they ionize in solution. There are many examples of this in complex salts. There are two types of complex salts with the chemical formula CoClSO 4・5NH 3 : reddish purple pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) sulfate and rose-colored pentaamminesulfatocobalt(III) chloride. They each ionize in aqueous solution as follows:

[CoCl( NH3 ) 5 ] SO4
→[CoCl(NH 3 ) 5 ] 2+ +SO 4 2-
Reddish purple [Co(NH 3 ) 5 (SO 4 )]Cl
→[Co(NH 3 ) 5 (SO 4 )] + +Cl -
Rose color A similar example is CoCl 2 (NO 2 ) ・4NH 3 ,
[CoCl( NH3 ) 4 ( NO2 )]Cl
→[CoCl(NH 3 ) 4 (NO 2 )] + +Cl -
Red [CoCl 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]NO 2
→[CoCl 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ] + +NO 2 -
As described above, there are two types of ionization isomers, and the latter has two geometric isomers, green ( trans -tetraamminedichloridocobalt(III) nitrite) and purple ( cis -tetraamminedichloridocobalt(III) nitrite), due to differences in coordination structure. The examples so far have been cases where the combinations of atomic groups and ions are different, but if we consider the composition formula in a broader sense, there are two types of complex salts with the composition formula CoH 15 N 6 O 6 S: [Co(NH 3 ) 5 (SO 3 )] NO 3 and [Co(NH 3 ) 5 (NO 2 )] SO 4 , which can also be considered to be ionization isomers.

[Iwamoto Shinbu]

[Reference] | Ions | Isomers

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

組成式が同じ塩あるいは錯塩が、溶液中で電離した際に異なるイオンを放出する異性現象。錯塩においての例が多い。組成式がCoClSO4・5NH3となる錯塩には、赤紫色のペンタアンミンクロリドコバルト(Ⅲ)硫酸塩とバラ色のペンタアンミンスルファトコバルト(Ⅲ)塩化物の2種類があり、それぞれ水溶液中で次のように電離する。

  [CoCl(NH3)5]SO4
   →[CoCl(NH3)5]2++SO42-
     赤紫色
  [Co(NH3)5(SO4)]Cl
   →[Co(NH3)5(SO4)]++Cl-
     バラ色
同じような例としてCoCl2(NO2)・4NH3では、
  [CoCl(NH3)4(NO2)]Cl
   →[CoCl(NH3)4(NO2)]++Cl-
     赤色
  [CoCl2(NH3)4]NO2
   →[CoCl2(NH3)4]++NO2-
 このように2種のイオン化異性があるが、後者では配位構造の違いによって、緑色(trans‐テトラアンミンジクロリドコバルト(Ⅲ)亜硝酸塩)と、紫色(cis‐テトラアンミンジクロリドコバルト(Ⅲ)亜硝酸塩)の2種の幾何異性体が存在する。これまでの例は、原子団やイオンの組合せが異なる場合であるが、さらに広義の組成式を考えると、CoH15N6O6Sの組成式をもつ錯塩には[Co(NH3)5(SO3)]NO3と[Co(NH3)5(NO2)]SO4の2種類があって、これらもイオン化異性であると考えることができる。

[岩本振武]

[参照項目] | イオン | 異性体

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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