Aluminum chloride

Japanese: 塩化アルミニウム - えんかあるみにうむ(英語表記)aluminium chloride
Aluminum chloride

A compound of aluminum and chlorine. An anhydrate is obtained by passing chlorine through heated aluminum. In industry, it is made by passing chlorine through a mixture of bauxite and coke. It is a colorless crystal, but industrial products are often colored yellow. It sublimes at 177.8 °C. It is deliquescent and hydrolyzes in air to produce white fumes of hydrogen chloride. It dissolves in water, but becomes acidic upon hydrolysis to produce a basic salt. When metallic aluminum is dissolved in hydrochloric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, and the solution is cooled with a cryogen, the hexahydrate AlCl 3 6H 2 O is obtained. The vapor density of the anhydrate is equivalent to the dimeric molecule Al 2 Cl 6 up to 400 °C, with the chlorine atoms coordinated around the aluminum atoms in a distorted tetrahedral shape, and the AlCl 4 tetrahedrons are bonded by sharing two chlorine atoms.


At temperatures above 800°C, it becomes a monomer. In crystal form, there is an octahedral AlCl 6 , which is a giant molecule that is connected three-dimensionally by sharing every other edge of the octahedron. It dissolves in organic solvents, and a dimer exists even in benzene solution. It is used as a catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts reaction, petroleum cracking, and the synthesis of polyethylene. The hexahydrate is a colorless columnar crystal. It is an ionic crystal of octahedral [Al(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ and Cl - . It does not become an anhydrous salt when heated, but decomposes to generate hydrogen chloride and aluminum oxide. It dissolves in water and ethanol. Its aqueous solution becomes acidic when hydrolyzed. The hexahydrate is used as a preservative and dyeing agent.

[Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara]

[Supplementary Material] | Aluminum chloride (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アルミニウムと塩素の化合物。熱したアルミニウムに塩素を通すと無水和物が得られる。工業的にはボーキサイトとコークスの混合物に塩素を通じてつくる。無色結晶であるが、工業製品は黄色に着色していることが多い。177.8℃で昇華する。潮解性で、空気中で加水分解して塩化水素の白煙を生ずる。水には溶けるが加水分解して酸性を示し、塩基性塩を生成する。金属アルミニウムを塩酸に溶かし、濃塩酸を加え、寒剤で冷却すると六水和物AlCl3・6H2Oが得られる。無水和物の蒸気密度は400℃まで二量体分子Al2Cl6に相当し、塩素原子がアルミニウム原子の周りにひずんだ四面体型に配位し、AlCl4四面体が塩素2原子を共有して結合した構造をもっている。


800℃以上では単量体になる。結晶では八面体型のAlCl6があり、その八面体の一つおきの辺を共有して三次元的に連なった巨大分子である。有機溶媒に溶け、ベンゼン溶液中でも二量体が存在する。フリーデル‐クラフツ反応、石油クラッキングやポリエチレンなどの合成に触媒として用いられる。六水和物は無色柱状晶。八面体型の[Al(H2O)6]3+とCl-のイオン結晶である。加熱しても無水塩とはならず、分解して塩化水素を発生して酸化アルミニウムとなる。水、エタノールに溶ける。水溶液は加水分解して酸性を示す。六水和物は防腐剤、染色などに用いられる。

[守永健一・中原勝儼]

[補完資料] | 塩化アルミニウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Antimony Chloride - Antimony Enca

>>:  Acetyl chloride

Recommend

Athos (English spelling)

The name refers to the Aktí Peninsula, the most no...

Kutani ware

Ceramic ware produced in Ishikawa Prefecture. Thi...

North - Hokubu

A district in Kita-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Pr...

Ichigaya

...The name of a place in the eastern part of Shi...

Kim Sǒng-su (English spelling)

[Born] Gojong 28 (1891).10.21. Buan, Jeollabuk-do ...

Transmission - Transmission

[1] 〘Ta A 2nd 1 (Ha 2nd 1)〙 tsuta, fu 〘Ta Ha 2nd 2...

Common language - Kyotsuugoka

…There are large regional differences in the type...

Emperor - Kaiser (English spelling) German

The title of supreme secular ruler = monarch. [Sh...

Tondabayashi [city] - Tondabayashi

A city in southern Osaka Prefecture. It was incorp...

sarāy (English spelling) saray

…(4) Tombs (qubba, gunbad, türbe, mashhad): These...

Tonan

A district in Morioka City, Iwate Prefecture. In ...

Federation Internationale de Volleyball (English)

…The rules of the game, created by Morgan, were p...

Mizuho [town] - Mizuho

A former town in Ochi District, central Shimane Pr...

Steam distillation

A distillation method in which steam is blown int...

Rheumatism

What kind of disease is it? <Immune dysfunctio...