A compound of aluminum and chlorine. An anhydrate is obtained by passing chlorine through heated aluminum. In industry, it is made by passing chlorine through a mixture of bauxite and coke. It is a colorless crystal, but industrial products are often colored yellow. It sublimes at 177.8 °C. It is deliquescent and hydrolyzes in air to produce white fumes of hydrogen chloride. It dissolves in water, but becomes acidic upon hydrolysis to produce a basic salt. When metallic aluminum is dissolved in hydrochloric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, and the solution is cooled with a cryogen, the hexahydrate AlCl 3 6H 2 O is obtained. The vapor density of the anhydrate is equivalent to the dimeric molecule Al 2 Cl 6 up to 400 °C, with the chlorine atoms coordinated around the aluminum atoms in a distorted tetrahedral shape, and the AlCl 4 tetrahedrons are bonded by sharing two chlorine atoms.
[Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アルミニウムと塩素の化合物。熱したアルミニウムに塩素を通すと無水和物が得られる。工業的にはボーキサイトとコークスの混合物に塩素を通じてつくる。無色結晶であるが、工業製品は黄色に着色していることが多い。177.8℃で昇華する。潮解性で、空気中で加水分解して塩化水素の白煙を生ずる。水には溶けるが加水分解して酸性を示し、塩基性塩を生成する。金属アルミニウムを塩酸に溶かし、濃塩酸を加え、寒剤で冷却すると六水和物AlCl3・6H2Oが得られる。無水和物の蒸気密度は400℃まで二量体分子Al2Cl6に相当し、塩素原子がアルミニウム原子の周りにひずんだ四面体型に配位し、AlCl4四面体が塩素2原子を共有して結合した構造をもっている。
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