Augustine

Japanese: アウグスティヌス

The greatest church father of the Western Christian Church. Saint, bishop of Hippo, North Africa (396). Born in Tagaste to a pagan Roman official father and a Christian mother, Monica. He studied rhetoric in Carthage, but led a dissolute life and believed in Manichaeism. After studying Plotinus, he was influenced by Ambrose, bishop of Milan, and converted to Christianity, becoming a priest in 391. His Confessions is the greatest masterpiece of ancient autobiography, and the eleventh book contains an important theory of time. Both De Trinity and De Liber Will contributed greatly to the establishment of orthodox doctrine, and were the beginning of a long debate. The City of God was the first attempt at historical philosophy in Christian history, and is also an important work of political thought. He also wrote many other books of refutation against Manichaeism, Donatism, and Pelagianism. Due to the Platonic nature of his thought, his influence in the Middle Ages was limited mainly to the Franciscan school, but he has seen a revival in modern times, such as in Lutheranism and Jansenism.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

西方キリスト教会最大の教父。聖人，北アフリカ，ヒッポの司教（396年）。ローマ官吏で異教徒の父，キリスト教徒の母モニカの間に，タガステで生まれる。カルタゴで修辞学を修めたが，放縦の生活を送り，マニ教を信じた。プロティノス研究ののち，ミラノ司教アンブロシウスの感化によって改宗，391年司祭となる。その著《告白》は古代自伝文学の最高傑作にして，第11巻には重要な時間論を含む。《三位一体論》《自由意志論》はともに正統教義の確立に大きく寄与したほか，長い論争の端緒ともなった。《神の国》はキリスト教史上最初の歴史哲学の試みで，政治思想上の重要作でもある。ほかに多数のマニ教，ドナトゥス派，ペラギウス派に対する反駁書がある。思想のプラトン主義的性格のゆえに，中世における影響は主としてフランシスコ会学派にとどまったが，ルター主義，ジャンセニスムなど近代以降には再興が見られる。祝日８月28日。
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