A general term for oxides with a negative divalent O2 group. They can be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal compounds are well known, such as Li2O2 ( colorless ), Na2O2 (yellow), K2O2 ( orange ), MgO2 (colorless), CaO2 (colorless), SrO2 (colorless), and BaO2・8H2O (colorless). All of these are solids, but ( NH4 ) 2O2・H2O2 is a colorless, unstable liquid. Other peroxides include ZnO2 (yellow), TiO3・nH2O (Ti(OOH)(OH) 3 ) (yellow) , and CrO( O2 ) 2 ( CrO5 ) (blue). They are made by heating a metal or metal oxide with air or oxygen (for example, heating metallic sodium in air gives sodium peroxide, Na2O2 ), or by adding hydrogen peroxide to an aqueous solution of a metal salt (for example, adding hydrogen peroxide to a saturated aqueous solution of barium hydroxide precipitates BaO2.8H2O ) . In addition to the inorganic peroxides mentioned above, there are also organic peroxides, such as dialkyl peroxides (ROOR) and acyl peroxides (RCO-OO-COR). It is important to be aware that compounds with higher oxidation numbers are sometimes mistakenly called peroxides. For example, compounds mistakenly called nitrogen peroxide NO 2 , lead peroxide PbO 2 , and chlorine peroxide ClO 2 do not contain O 2 2- and are therefore not peroxides, but should be called nitrogen dioxide, lead oxide(IV) and chlorine dioxide, respectively. [Nakahara Katsunori] "Industrial Inorganic Chemistry" by W. Büchner et al., translated by Yukimi Sasaki and Hiroshi Moriyama (1989, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin)" ▽ "Organic Synthesis 3: Aldehydes, Ketones, Quinones" 4th Edition (1991, Maruzen) edited by the Chemical Society of Japan" ▽ "Handbook of Toxicity of Chemical Substances" all 6 volumes (1999-2000, Maruzen) edited by George D. Clayton and Florence E. Clayton, supervised translation by Hirofumi Naito and Noriko Yokote" [Reference] | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
負2価のO2基を有する酸化物の総称。過酸化水素の誘導体とみなすことができる。アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属の化合物がよく知られており、たとえばLi2O2(無色)、Na2O2(黄色)、K2O2(橙(だいだい)色)、MgO2(無色)、CaO2(無色)、SrO2(無色)、BaO2・8H2O(無色)などがある。いずれも固体であるが、(NH4)2O2・H2O2では無色不安定な液体である。そのほかZnO2(黄色)やTiO3・nH2O(Ti(OOH)(OH)3)(黄色)、CrO(O2)2(CrO5)(青色)なども過酸化物である。 金属あるいは金属酸化物を空気または酸素と熱する(たとえば金属ナトリウムを空気中で熱すると過酸化ナトリウムNa2O2が得られる)、あるいは金属塩の水溶液に過酸化水素水を加える(たとえば水酸化バリウムの飽和水溶液に過酸化水素水を加えるとBaO2・8H2Oが沈殿する)などのようにしてつくられる。 前記のような無機過酸化物に対して、有機の過酸化物も存在する。たとえば過酸化ジアルキルR-O-O-R、過酸化アシルRCO-O-O-CORなどがある。 高酸化数の化合物を誤って過酸化物とよんでいる場合があるので、これに対しては注意しなければならない。たとえば過酸化窒素NO2、過酸化鉛PbO2、過酸化塩素ClO2などと誤ってよばれているものはO22-が含まれていないので過酸化物ではなく、それぞれ二酸化窒素、酸化鉛(Ⅳ)、二酸化塩素などとよぶべきものである。 [中原勝儼] 『W・ビュヒナー他著、佐佐木行美・森山広思訳『工業無機化学』(1989・東京化学同人)』▽『日本化学会編『有機合成3 アルデヒド・ケトン・キノン』第4版(1991・丸善)』▽『ジョージ・D・クレイトン、フローレンス・E・クレイトン編、内藤裕史・横手規子監訳『化学物質毒性ハンドブック』全6冊(1999~2000・丸善)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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