Benzoyl peroxide - benzoyl peroxide

Japanese: 過酸化ベンゾイル - かさんかべんぞいる(英語表記)benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide - benzoyl peroxide

An organic peroxide in which two benzoyl groups are bonded to a so-called peroxide bond, i.e., an O-O bond. The correct name is dibenzoyl peroxide, but it is commonly referred to as such. It is produced from benzoyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an alkali. It is a white crystal that rapidly decomposes and explodes when heated as crystals or in a concentrated solution. It is insoluble in water and alcohol, but is soluble in chloroform and dichloromethane. When this dilute solution is heated, it generates highly active free radicals, so it is widely used in the plastics industry as an initiator for the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers such as styrene and vinyl acetate.

When benzoyl peroxide decomposes, the peroxide bond is first cleaved to produce two radicals (C 6 H 5 ) 2 C(=O)O., which then add to, for example, vinyl monomers, competing in the process, and these radicals release carbon dioxide and decompose to produce the phenyl radical C 6 H 5. The former radical can be observed by its transient absorption (absorption exhibited by short-lived chemical species during their short lifetimes) and electron spin resonance in the near infrared around 800 nanometers, while the latter radical can be observed by electron spin resonance.

Perbenzoic acid (peroxybenzoic acid) is a peroxide obtained from benzoyl peroxide, with one hydrogen atom of hydrogen peroxide replaced by a benzoyl group. It has a strong oxidizing power, and gives an oxygen atom to an alkene to form an epoxide (oxirane). It is highly hygroscopic and has a characteristic pungent odor. As a reagent, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid or m -chloroperbenzoic acid, which are easy to handle and stable, are used. It is used in synthetic reactions and the quantification of double bonds. It decomposes when heated as a crystal or in a concentrated solution. It dissolves in many organic solvents. Epoxides are highly reactive and are used as various synthetic intermediates.

[Tokumaru Katsumi]

[References] | Epoxides [Supplementary Materials] | Benzoyl peroxide (Data Note 1) | Benzoyl peroxide (Data Note 2)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

有機過酸化物の一つで、いわゆる過酸化物結合、すなわちO‐O結合に、2個のベンゾイル基が結合したもの。正しくは過酸化ジベンゾイルdibenzoyl peroxideであるが、慣用的にこのようによばれる。塩化ベンゾイルと過酸化水素からアルカリ存在下で製造する。白色結晶で、結晶のままあるいは濃い溶液を加熱すると急速に分解して爆発する。水に溶けず、アルコールにも溶けにくいが、クロロホルムやジクロロメタンにはよく溶ける。この薄い溶液を加熱すると活性の高いフリーラジカルを発生するので、スチレンや酢酸ビニルなどのビニル単量体のラジカル重合の開始剤として、プラスチック工業で広く用いられる。

 過酸化ベンゾイルを分解すると、まず過酸化物結合が開裂して、ラジカル(C6H5)2C(=O)O・が2個生成し、これらはたとえばビニル単量体に付加するが、その過程で競争して、このラジカルはさらに二酸化炭素を放出、分解して、フェニラジカルC6H5・を生成する。前者のラジカルはその800ナノメートル付近の近赤外部における過渡吸収(短寿命の化学種が短い寿命の間に示す吸収)と電子スピン共鳴により、後者のラジカルは電子スピン共鳴により観測することができる。

 過安息香酸(ペルオキシ安息香酸)は過酸化ベンゾイルから得られる過酸化物で、過酸化水素の1個の水素原子をベンゾイル基で置換した構造である。酸化力に富み、アルケンに酸素原子1個を与えてエポキシド(オキシラン)とする。吸湿性に富み、特有の刺激臭を呈する。試薬としては扱いやすく安定な3-クロロ過安息香酸あるいはm-クロロ過安息香酸が利用される。合成反応や二重結合の定量に用いられる。結晶のまま、あるいは濃い溶液を加熱すると分解する。多くの有機溶媒に溶ける。なおエポキシドは反応性に富み、各種合成中間体に利用される。

[徳丸克己]

[参照項目] | エポキシド[補完資料] | 過酸化ベンゾイル(データノート1) | 過酸化ベンゾイル(データノート2)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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