Kagoshima Prefecture - Kagoshima

Japanese: 鹿児島[県] - かごしま

Kagoshima Prefecture occupies southern Kyushu and islands in the southern seas. Yoron Island, at the southern tip, is separated from Okinawa Prefecture by the 27th parallel. The prefectural capital is Kagoshima City. The area is 9,186.94 ^km2 . The population is 1,706,242 (2010). [History] Formerly consisting of the two provinces of Satsuma and Osumi, Kagoshima was ruled by the Shimazu clan of the Kagoshima (Satsuma) Domain throughout the early modern period. In 1871, Osumi became Miyakonojo Prefecture, and Satsuma became Kagoshima Prefecture. The following year, the area south of Okinawa was separated, and in 1874 Miyakonojo Prefecture was abolished and merged with Osumi, and in 1896 the current prefectural boundaries were finalized. The area south of 30° north latitude was temporarily under US military rule after World War II. [Nature] The mainland area is part of the outer belt of southwest Japan, and includes small mountain ranges such as the Takakuma Mountains, Izumi Mountains, and Satsuma Mountains, all of which are based on Mesozoic strata, and the Kimotsuki Mountains, which are mainly made of granite. The areas between these mountain ranges are occupied by plateaus of volcanic ash called shirasu. Plains are only found scattered along the coast, except in the Sendai River basin. The Kirishima volcanic chain, which includes Kirishima and Sakurajima, is still very active, and hot springs spring up in various places. The archipelago consists of Nagashima, the Koshikijima Islands, and the Satsunan Islands (the Osumi Islands, the Tokara Islands, the Amami Islands, etc.). The mainland has a hot and rainy climate, and is often a place where typhoons make landfall. The Tokara and Amami areas have a subtropical climate. [Industry] The population composition by industry is primary 11.6%, secondary 21.2%, tertiary 66.7% (2005). The ratio of employees in primary industry is high, but agricultural productivity is low. On the volcanic ash plateau, sweet potatoes, miscellaneous grains, leaf tobacco, and sugarcane in the Satsunan Islands were typical field crops, but instead, fruit trees (citrus fruits, loquats, pineapples), forced vegetables, black tea production, and livestock such as pigs, broilers, beef cattle, and eggs have become widespread. Due to the heavy rainfall, forest resources are abundant, and Yakusugi cedars are particularly famous. Coastal fishing for sardines, horse mackerel, and mackerel, bonito fishing based in Yamakawa and Makurazaki, and bonito flakes production are active. Yellowtail, pearls, and sea bream are also cultivated. In recent years, eel farming has become popular. In mining, there is gold in Hishikari, and iron sand in the southern part of the Satsuma Peninsula and Tanegashima. Industry is relatively late, with the exception of agricultural processing that relies on raw materials such as starch, shochu, sugar, and ham, and the lumber and pulp industries in Izumi and Kawauchi, which are small-scale, but a coastal industrial zone has been developed in Kagoshima City. In recent years, cutting-edge technology industries have been established in Kawauchi and Kokubu, and the electrical machinery sector has grown significantly. Oshima tsumugi and Satsuma ware are traditional specialty products. The region is blessed with tourist resources, with Unzen-Amakusa National Park, Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park, Yakushima National Park, Nichinan Coast Quasi-National Park, Amami Gunto Quasi-National Park, and Koshikijima Quasi-National Park. In 1993, Yakushima was added to the list of natural heritage sites under the World Heritage Convention. [Transportation] The center of the prefecture is Kagoshima City, which is the base of the Kyushu Shinkansen, the Kagoshima-Nippo Main Line, and the Ibusuki-Makurazaki Line. It is connected to Kagoshima Airport, which was completed in 1972 in Mizobe Town (now Kirishima City), by the Kyushu Expressway, and also has air routes to the Satsuma and Nanto Islands. The Hisatsu Line runs to the north, the Hisatsu Orange Railway to the west, and the Ibusuki-Makurazaki Line to the Satsuma Peninsula.
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Japanese:

九州南部と南方海上の諸島を占める県。南端の与論島は北緯27°線を隔てて沖縄県に対する。県庁所在地は鹿児島市。9186.94km²。170万6242人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての薩摩国・大隅国２国に当たり，近世を通じて鹿児島（薩摩）藩島津氏が支配。1871年大隅は都城県，薩摩は鹿児島県となり，翌年沖縄以南を分離，1874年都城県を廃止して大隅を合併，1896年に至って現県域が確定。北緯30°以南は第２次大戦後一時米軍政下にあった。〔自然〕　本土地区は西南日本の外帯に属し，中生層が基盤の高隈山地，出水(いずみ)山地，薩摩山地，主として花コウ岩の肝属(きもつき)山地など小山塊がある。これらの山地の間はシラスと呼ばれる火山灰台地で占められる。平野は川内(せんだい)川流域を除けば海岸に点在するのみである。霧島，桜島など霧島火山列の活動は現在も盛んで，温泉も各地にわく。諸島部は長島，甑島(こしきじま)列島，薩南諸島（大隅諸島，吐【か】喇(とから)列島，奄美(あまみ)諸島など）からなる。本土の気候は高温多雨で，しばしば台風上陸地となる。吐【か】喇，奄美地区は亜熱帯気候に属する。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次11.6％，第２次21.2％，第３次66.7％（2005）。第１次産業の就業者比率は高いが，農業生産力は低い。火山灰台地での，サツマイモ，雑穀，葉タバコ，薩南諸島のサトウキビが代表的な畑作物であったが，代わって果樹（柑橘(かんきつ)類・ビワ・パイナップル），促成野菜などの栽培，紅茶の生産，豚，ブロイラー，肉牛，鶏卵などの畜産が普及している。多雨のため林産資源に富み，特に屋久杉は有名。イワシ，アジ，サバの沿岸漁業，山川，枕崎を拠点とするカツオの漁獲，かつお節生産が活発。ブリ，真珠，タイの養殖も行われる。近年ウナギ養殖が盛ん。鉱業では菱刈の金，薩摩半島南部や種子島の砂鉄がある。工業は比較的遅れ，デンプン，焼酎(しょうちゅう)，砂糖，ハムなど原料依存の農産加工と，出水，川内の製材・パルプ工業以外は小規模であるが，鹿児島市に臨海工業地帯が造成された。近年は川内，国分などに先端技術産業の立地もみられ，電機分野の伸びが著しい。大島紬(つむぎ)，薩摩焼は伝統のある特産物。観光資源に恵まれ，雲仙天草国立公園，霧島錦江湾国立公園，屋久島国立公園，日南海岸国定公園，奄美群島国定公園，甑島国定公園がある。1993年屋久島が世界遺産条約の自然遺産リストに登録された。〔交通〕　中心は鹿児島市で，九州新幹線，鹿児島・日豊本線，指宿(いぶすき)枕崎線の基点で，1972年溝辺町（現・霧島市）に完成した鹿児島空港と九州自動車道で結ばれ，薩南諸島への空路も開けている。北部に肥薩線，西部に肥薩おれんじ鉄道，薩摩半島に指宿枕崎線が通じる。
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