The Five Magistrates

Japanese: 五奉行 - ごぶぎょう
The Five Magistrates

Titles of posts in the Toyotomi government. Refers to Asano Nagamasa, Maeda Gen'i, Ishida Mitsunari, Masuda Nagamori, and Nagatsuka Masaie. The Toyotomi clan handled government affairs through a magistrate system, but these five were particularly central among them. In 1598 (Keicho 3), Hideyoshi, in order to stabilize the government after his death, decided to handle administration through a council of the five magistrates and determined their division of responsibilities. Gen'i was in charge of matters related to nobles, temples and shrines, and the Kyoto and surrounding areas as shoshidai, Masaie was in charge of financial matters such as the Chigyokata and Hyoroukata, and Nagamasa, Mitsunari, and Nagamori were in charge of general administrative affairs. However, the practice of all five magistrates signing rules and regulations can be seen from around 1595 (Bunroku 4), so it is believed that the system was actually established before that. After Hideyoshi's death, he was pressured by Tokugawa Ieyasu, one of the five elders, and lost his authority.

[Yoshihisa Sasa]

[Reference] | Five Elders

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

豊臣(とよとみ)政権の職名。浅野長政(ながまさ)、前田玄以(げんい)、石田三成(みつなり)、増田長盛(ましたながもり)、長束正家(なつかまさいえ)をいう。豊臣氏は奉行制により政務を処理していたが、そのうちとくに中心となったのはこの5人である。1598年(慶長3)秀吉は、死後の政権安定を図り、五奉行の合議制により行政を処理することとし、分担を定めている。分担は、玄以が所司代(しょしだい)として公家(くげ)・寺社関係と洛中(らくちゅう)洛外のこと、正家が知行方(ちぎょうかた)・兵糧方(ひょうろうかた)など財政関係、長政・三成・長盛は一般行政事務となっている。しかし、掟(おきて)などに五奉行全員が連署する形式は1595年(文禄4)ころからみられるので、実質的な成立はこれ以前と考えられる。秀吉の死後、五大老の一人徳川家康に圧せられその権限を失った。

[佐々悦久]

[参照項目] | 五大老

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