...In "Suicide," Durkheim focused on the fact that the upheaval of the social normative system caused by rapid industrialization leads to the limitless expansion of individual desires and the resulting pain, and emphasized this as one of the conditions for the occurrence of suicide. This type of suicide is called anomic suicide. After Durkheim, this concept began to attract attention in America, where capitalism, urbanization, and popularization were progressing on a large scale, and it has seen unique development through sociologists such as GE Mayo, RM McKeever, D. Riesman, and RK Merton. ... From [Suicide]…In his book “Suicide: An Essay on Sociology” (1897), Durkheim argued that the trend of suicide (rate) as a social phenomenon cannot be explained by individual pathological psychological factors or biological factors such as race, genetics, or climate, and considered it in relation to the characteristics of social structure. That is, he classified the types of suicide characteristic of modern society into four types: (1) altruistic suicide, (2) egoistic suicide, (3) anomie suicide, and (4) fatalistic suicide. (1) appears in societies where individual interest and life are undervalued due to excessive social integration, and suicide is sometimes forced as a duty and considered to be an honorable act. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "anomic suicide" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…デュルケームは《自殺論》では,急速な産業化による社会の規範体系の動揺が,個々人の欲求の無際限の肥大とそれによる苦痛を惹起(じやつき)することに目をむけ,これを自殺の発生の一条件として重視した。この型の自殺はアノミー的自殺と名づけられている。 デュルケーム以後,資本主義化,都市化,大衆化などが大規模にすすむアメリカで,この概念が注目を浴びるようになり,G.E.メーヨー,R.M.マッキーバー,D.リースマン,R.K.マートンらの社会学者を通じて独自の展開をみている。… 【自殺】より…デュルケームは《自殺論Le suicide:étude de sociologie》(1897)で,社会現象としての自殺(率)の動向を,個人の病態心理的要因や人種,遺伝,気候などの生物学的要因では説明しきれないとし,社会的構造の特性との関連で考えた。すなわち,彼は近代社会に特徴的な自殺のタイプとして,(1)愛他的自殺suicide altruiste,(2)利己的自殺suicide egoïste,(3)アノミー的自殺suicide anomique,(4)宿命的自殺suicide fatalisteの四つに分類した。(1)は社会の統合が過度のため,個人の関心や生命が過小評価される社会において現れ,自殺は義務として強いられ,また,尊敬すべき行為とみなされる場合もある。… ※「アノミー的自殺」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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