Antoine Barnave

French politician. Born to a prosecutor at the Parlement of Grenoble. Became a lawyer at the age of 20. He was familiar with the works of Montesquieu and dreamed of realizing parliamentary politics. In 1787, he was passionate about the anti-monarchy struggle at the Parlement of Grenoble when the Assembly of Notables was held. He was selected as a representative of the Three Estates General in 1789 and worked hard to form the National Assembly. On the evening of August 4th, he supported the resolution to abolish the feudal estate system. At the Constituent Assembly, he formed the Triumvirate with the Lamette brothers and Duport. He expressed his support for a constitutional monarchy centered on a unicameral parliament. At the next Legislative Assembly, he allied with La Fayette and others to lead the Feuillant deputies who were trying to protect the "Constitution of 1791" from outside the assembly. He was a passionate man by nature, and unconditionally believed in the principles of liberty and equality, but at the same time, he was an intellectual who believed in the omnipotence of law, and he distanced himself from the Jacobins and the revolutionary government, who sought to promote radical reforms by mobilizing the numerical power of the masses. For this reason, he became a victim of the Reign of Terror in 1793, and was executed at the age of 32.

[Makoto Kanazawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの政治家。グルノーブルの高等法院検事の子に生まれる。20歳で弁護士となった。モンテスキューの著書に親しみ、議会政治の実現を夢みる。1787年、名士会の開催に伴う高等法院の反王権闘争に情熱を傾けた。1789年全国三部会の代表に選ばれ、国民議会の結成に奔走。8月4日夜の議場で、封建的身分制の廃止決議に同調した。憲法制定議会ではラメット兄弟、デュポールとともにトリオムビラ（三頭派）を結成。一院制の議会を中軸とする立憲王制の立場を表明した。次の立法議会には、ラ・ファイエットらと提携して、「1791年憲法」を守りぬこうとするフイヤン派議員を院外から指導。生来情熱的で、自由と平等の原則を無条件に信奉したが、同時に法万能の知性派の立場から、大衆の数の力を結集して過激な改革を推進しようとするジャコバン派や革命政府とは一線を画した。そのため1793年の恐怖政治の犠牲に供され、32歳で刑死した。

［金澤　誠］

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