Lower Lagos Recht

...As commerce developed and transactions in urban markets became regular, cities enacted laws on foreign merchants (Gastrecht) to collect various fees from their businesses (such as fees for the use of markets, weighhouses, warehouses, wharves, cranes, inns, shops, towboats, etc., as well as fees for brokering transactions) and imposed an entrance tax (Oktroi) on the importation of foodstuffs. In particular, the establishment of Stapelrecht (compulsory rights of exchange), which aimed to concentrate commerce in cities and increase opportunities for trade and profits, included the Niederlagsrecht (retention and sale obligations), which forced merchants passing through a city to stay in the city for a certain period of time to sell their goods, and the Umschlagsrecht (transshipment obligations), which forced merchants to transship their goods and have them transported by a local carrier. It is said that there were 1,800 tariff barriers in Germany in 1790. These tolls (internal tariffs) continued to exist in Germany until the 19th century, and part of the collection of these was undertaken by private individuals and organizations. However, they were reorganized as the internal tariffs were abolished and border tariffs were established in the form of the German Customs Union.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Niederlagsrecht" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…商業が発達し都市市場での取引が恒常化すると，都市は外来商人の法Gastrechtを制定して彼らの営業からさまざまな手数料を徴収し(市場，秤量所，倉庫，埠頭，クレーン，旅宿，店舗，引舟などの使用料や取引の仲介手数料など)，食料品の搬入に際して入市税Oktroiを課した。とくに，商業を都市に集中して取引と収益の機会を増やそうとしたやり方が互市強制権Stapelrechtの制定で，これには，都市を通過する商人に対して一定期間都市内に滞在して商品を販売させる留置･販売強制Niederlagsrechtと，商品を積み替えてその都市の運送業者に輸送させる積替強制Umschlagsrechtがあった。1790年にドイツには1800の関税障壁が存在したといわれるように，こうした通行税(内部関税)はドイツでは19世紀まで存続し，その徴収の一部は民間の個人や団体が請け負っていたが，ドイツ関税同盟のような形で内部関税の撤廃，国境関税の設定が進むなかで整理された。…

※「Niederlagsrecht」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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