When there is a variable X that can take on various values and the probability of each value being taken is fixed, X is called a random variable. For example, if the number that comes up when a dice is rolled is taken as X, then X is an integer between 1 and 6, and the probability of any value being taken is 1/6, so X is a random variable. Similarly, when buying a lottery ticket, if the amount of winnings is taken as X, then X is also a random variable. If you lose, X is 0, and if you win, the value of X is determined by the rank, and the probability of each case is fixed. The possible values of the random variable X are x 1 , x 2 , …, and if the probability that X is x i is p i , then p 1 +p 2 + …=1. This type of random variable is called discrete. In contrast, a random variable that can take any value in a certain interval I (which can be an infinite interval) is called continuous. In more detail, if a function f(x) that is continuous in interval I is [Shigeru Furuya] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
いろいろの値をとりうる変数Xがあって、それぞれの値をとる確率が決まっているときXを確率変数という。たとえば、さいころを投げたとき出る目の数をXと置けば、Xは1から6までの整数のどれかであり、どの値をとる確率も1/6であるからXは確率変数である。また宝くじを買ったとき、当せん金額をXとするとXは確率変数である。はずれた場合はXは0であり、当せんした場合は等級によってXの値は決まり、しかも、各場合の確率は決まっているからである。 確率変数Xのとりうる値がx1、x2、……であって、Xがxiである確率をpiとすればp1+p2+……=1である。このような確率変数を離散型という。これに対して、ある区間I(無限区間でもよい)のどの値もとりうるような確率変数を連続型という。詳しくいえば、区間Iで連続な関数f(x)が [古屋 茂] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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