Alsace (English spelling)

Japanese: アルザス（英語表記）Alsace

In German, it is called Elsass. It is a region in eastern France along the Rhine, bordering Germany. It consists of the departments of Haut-Rhin and Bas-Rhin, and the district of Belfort. The current administrative division of Alsace (Région) includes the departments of Haut-Rhin and Bas-Rhin. It is located in the western part of the Rhine rift valley, and has a continental climate due to the Vosges Mountains that border it on the west, but in front of the eastern slope of the mountain range, alluvial hills have developed and formed a vineyard area. Commerce developed early on as a key transportation point. After the rise of the merchant class and the formation of alliances, it came under the influence of the Bavarian royal family, but was fragmented between the 12th and 15th centuries, and after the destruction of the Thirty Years' War, it became a French territory under the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). After that, the territory was changed many times, and as a result of the Franco-Prussian War, all of the area except Belfort became German territory (1871). After World War I (1919), it returned to France, but during World War II (1940-1944), it was occupied by Germany again. Cultural styles and architecture that reflect the complex history remain in various places, and there are many German residents. Agriculture is thriving in the Rhine floodplain, producing wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, hops, and fruit. The vineyards on the slopes of the Vosges Mountains and their white wine are famous, and they are also a tourist resource along with the beautiful scenery and storks. In terms of mining and manufacturing, France's largest potash mine (north of Mulhouse) is located, and various industries are prominent, utilizing the powerful power plants recently completed on the left bank of the Rhine, the Grand Canal of Alsace. Cotton processing in the Vosges Mountains and around Mulhouse, and mechanical, chemical, and electrical industries centered around Strasbourg and Mulhouse are important. The area is 8,280 ^km2 . Population: 1,624,400 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ドイツ語ではエルザス Elsass。フランス東部，ライン川に沿ってドイツと国境を接する地方。オーラン，バラン両県およびベルフォール特別区から成る。なお現在の地方行政区分のアルザス地域 (レジオン) にはオーラン，バランの2県が含まれる。ライン川地溝帯西部にあたり，西側を限るボージュ山脈により，大陸性の気候を示すが，同山脈東斜面の前面には沖積層丘陵地が発達し，ブドウ畑地帯を形成している。早くから交通の要所として商業が発達。商人階級の台頭，同盟結成を経て，バイエルン王家の勢力下にあったが，12～15世紀間に細分化され，三十年戦争による破壊ののち，ウェストファリア条約によりフランス領となる (1648) 。その後も領土変更がたびたび行われ，普仏戦争の結果ベルフォール特別区以外はドイツ領 (1871) ，第1次世界大戦後 (1919) フランス領に戻ったが，第2次世界大戦中 (40～44) はまたドイツの占領下にあった。その複雑な歴史を反映する文化様式，建築物などが各地に残され，ドイツ系住民も多い。ライン川氾濫原では農業が盛んで，コムギ，テンサイ，ジャガイモ，ホップ，果物を生産。ボージュ山脈斜面のブドウ園とその白ワインは有名で，美しい景色やコウノトリとともに観光資源ともなっている。鉱工業面ではフランス最大のカリウム鉱山 (ミュルーズ北方) があるのをはじめ，近年ライン左岸のアルザス大運河に完成した強力な発電所群を利用した各種工業が目立つ。ボージュ山中およびミュルーズ付近の綿糸加工，ストラスブール，ミュルーズを中心とする機械・化学・電機工業は重要。面積 8280km²。人口 162万 4400 (1990) 。

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