Ashanti; Asante

Japanese: アシャンティ族 - アシャンティぞく(英語表記)Ashanti; Asante
Ashanti; Asante
Akan people living in southern Ghana and neighboring Togo and Côte d'Ivoire. They speak the Kwa language of the Niger-Congo family. They were originally a small tribe living in forest areas, but in the 18th century, they formed the powerful Ashanti Kingdom with the introduction of flintlock guns. They eventually subjugated neighboring Akan peoples to form the Ashanti Confederation, and their prosperity based on trade in slaves, gold, and guns continued until they were conquered by the British in 1901. They live in villages or towns. Although they once did some hunting, they mainly depended on agriculture, cultivating bananas, cassava, and yams, and exporting cocoa. They also developed handicrafts such as weaving, goldsmithing, and carving. At their peak, they had a complex social structure with a differentiation of occupations and a stratification of status, living in the capital, Kumasi, and headed by a king who inherited the famous "Golden Chair." The basis of social organization was matrilineal descent, but patrilineal elements were also seen in rituals, etc. Although the population moved relatively frequently, individuals gained citizenship in the kingdom by obtaining membership in a matrilineal lineage that owned a certain territory.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ガーナ南部と隣接するトーゴ,コートジボアールに居住するアカン諸族の一民族。言語はニジェール=コンゴ語派のクワ諸語に属する。初めは森林地帯に住む小民族であったが,18世紀,火打石銃の導入を利して強力なアシャンティ王国を形成した。やがて近隣のアカン諸族を従えてアシャンティ連合を結成し,奴隷,金,銃などの交易に基づくその繁栄は,1901年イギリスに征服されるまで続いた。集村または町をなして住む。かつては多少の狩猟も行なったが,おもに農業に依存し,バナナ,キャッサバ,ヤムイモを栽培し,ココアを輸出している。織物,金細工,彫刻など手工業も古くから発達していた。最盛期には,職業の分化,身分階層化が進み,首都クマシに居住し,有名な「黄金の椅子」を継承する王を頂点として,複雑な社会組織をつくりだした。社会組織の基礎は母系出自に基づくが,儀礼などには父系の要素もみられる。住民は比較的頻繁に移動したが,個人は一定領土を所有する母系リニージの成員権を得ることによって,王国における市民権を得た。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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