Ajan Provocateur - Ajan Provocateur

Japanese: アジャン・プロボカトゥール - あじゃんぷろぼかとぅーる

...An investigative method in which an investigative agency or its collaborators (decoys) approach a person who is likely to commit a crime, lead him to commit a crime, and wait for the crime to be committed before catching him. Traditionally, in Japan, following the example of European countries, the only issue that was considered was whether the decoy could be punished as an instigator (the issue of "agent provocateur" ("instigating criminal police")), and it was considered that the perpetrator of the crime could be punished as a matter of course. However, it is inevitable that the state will feel that it is unfair to create a criminal and then catch and punish him, so in America, the punishment of the perpetrator of the crime itself is an issue (theory of entrapment).

From [Instigator]

...However, in cases where the statutory penalty for the principal offender is only imprisonment or a fine (for example, insult), the instigator is not punished in principle (Article 64 of the Penal Code). In order to establish the crime of instigation, the intent to instigate is required in addition to the act of instigation, but there is debate as to whether the crime should be recognized as instigation in cases where the principal instigates with the expectation that the crime will end in failure (called agen provocateur), such as in a sting operation. If the basis for punishment of instigation is the violation of a legal interest by the principal, attempted instigation is not punishable because it lacks awareness (intent) of the final result, but if the basis for punishment is the corruption of the principal and turning him into a criminal, then attempted instigation should naturally be punished as well. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Agent Provocateur" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…捜査機関またはその協力者(おとり)が犯罪を犯しそうな者に接近して犯罪に導き，犯罪の実行をまってこれを捕らえる捜査方法。従来，日本では，ヨーロッパ諸国にならって，おとりを教唆犯として罰しうるかという点のみが問題とされ(アジャン･プロボカトゥールagent provocateur(〈教唆する刑事巡査〉)の問題)，犯罪実行者は当然罰しうるとされていた。しかし，国家がみずから犯人を作り出しながらこれを捕らえて罰するというのは不公正の感を免れず，アメリカでは犯罪実行者の処罰自体を問題にする(わな(エントラップメントentrapment)の理論)。…

【教唆犯】より

…ただし，正犯の法定刑が拘留または科料のみの場合(たとえば侮辱罪)は，教唆犯は原則として処罰されない(刑法64条)。教唆犯の成立には，教唆行為のほかに教唆の故意を必要とするが，おとり捜査のように正犯が未遂に終わることを予期して教唆した場合(アジャン･プロボカトゥールという)にも教唆犯の成立を認めるべきかは争いのあるところである。教唆犯の処罰根拠を正犯による法益侵害に求めれば，未遂の教唆は最終的結果の認識(故意)を欠き不可罰となるが，正犯を堕落させ犯罪者にしたという点に処罰根拠を求めれば，未遂の教唆も当然に処罰さるべきことになる。…

※「アジャン・プロボカトゥール」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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