Principle of Independent Fiscal Year

Japanese: 会計年度独立の原則 - かいけいねんどどくりつのげんそく
Principle of Independent Fiscal Year

...In principle, the expenses for each fiscal year must be covered by the revenues of that fiscal year and must be concluded and organized in a way that does not affect other fiscal years. This is called the principle of fiscal year independence, but there are some exceptions, such as carryover of expenditure budgets and expenditures from previous years.
[Fiscal year affiliation category]
Since the fiscal year is set and the principle of fiscal year independence exists, it is necessary to establish certain principles as to which fiscal year the national revenues and expenditures should belong.

From [Accounting Law]

...Article 14 of the Financial Law), the principle of a single budget (the principle of treating the budget for a fiscal year as a single entity and accounting for revenues and expenditures under a single account; Article 13), and the principle of an independent fiscal year (the principle of setting up a fiscal year and covering the expenses of a fiscal year with the revenues of that year; Articles 11 and 12) are stipulated in the Financial Law.

From [Carryover Approval Expenses]

...This is called carryover authorized expenses. The principle is that the expenditure budget for each fiscal year should be used within that fiscal year (principle of fiscal year independence), but if this principle is followed as is, it may not be in line with the actual situation, and the use of the budget may be uneconomical and inefficient. Therefore, only in such cases is it permitted to carry over the expenditure budget as an exception and use it in the following fiscal year's budget, and carryover authorized expenses are one example of this.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "principle of independent fiscal years" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…なお,各会計年度における経費は原則としてその年度の歳入をもって充てられなければならず,他の年度に影響を及ぼさない形で完結,整理をされなければならない。これを会計年度独立の原則というが,若干の例外として歳出予算の繰越しと過年度支出とが認められている。
[会計年度所属区分]
 会計年度が定められ,会計年度独立の原則が存在する以上,国家の歳入および歳出はどの年度に所属すべきかについても一定の原則を定めておく必要がある。…

【会計法】より

…財政法14条),単一予算原則(一会計年度の予算を単一のものとして,歳入・歳出を一会計の下に経理する原則。13条),会計年度独立の原則(会計年度を設けて一会計年度の経費はその年度の歳入をもって充当させる原則。11,12条)などは財政法に定められている。…

【繰越明許費】より

…これを繰越明許費という。毎会計年度の歳出予算はその年度内に使用することが原則(会計年度独立の原則)であるが,この原則をそのまま貫くとかえって実情にそぐわず,予算使用が不経済,非効率的になる場合がある。したがって,そのような場合に限って例外的に歳出予算の繰越しを行い,翌年度の予算として使用することが認められているが,繰越明許費はこの一例である。…

※「会計年度独立の原則」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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