A Sudanese-speaking ethnic group living in Central Africa. Also known as the Zande. The population was about 750,000 in the early 1970s. They live on both sides of the Nile-Congo River watershed, straddling the Republic of South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), and the Central African Republic. The northern part is a savannah zone, while the southern part is a tropical rainforest zone, suitable for farming finger millet, corn, manioc, and peanuts, as well as hunting, fishing, and gathering. The Azande have excellent skills in blacksmithing, pot-making, and woodcarving, but these crafts are linked to sorcery and witchcraft. In the 18th century, the inhabitants of the Mbomu River basin, led by a powerful clan called the Abongala, conquered the southern and eastern parts of the basin. The conquest was carried out by the descendants of the king, who established a number of small kingdoms, from those under his personal rule to those of smaller local kingdoms, all of which were ruled by members of the royal family appointed by the king, and which were often at war with each other. Many families are polygamous and live in houses surrounded by fields and forests. Neighbors are far apart, it is said, for the sake of their livelihood and to avoid witchcraft. The Azande believe that all misfortunes and disasters, such as death, illness, failure, and theft, are the result of witchcraft. Victims of witchcraft can retaliate through established procedures and methods. Azande witchcraft practices express anger rather than fear, resentment rather than resignation. Misfortune breeds suspicion of witchcraft, and hatred is thrust upon someone. [Noriko Matsuzono] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中部アフリカに住む、スーダン語を話す民族。ザンデともよばれる。人口は1970年代の初めで約75万。ナイル川とコンゴ川の分水嶺(ぶんすいれい)の両側、すなわち南スーダン共和国、コンゴ民主共和国(旧ザイール)、中央アフリカ共和国などにまたがる地域に住む。北部はサバンナ地帯、南部は熱帯雨林地帯で、シコクビエを中心にトウモロコシ、マニオク、ピーナッツ栽培の農耕のほか、狩猟、漁労、採集にも適した地域である。アザンデは鍛冶(かじ)、壺(つぼ)作り、木彫に優れた技術をもっているが、これらの仕事は呪術(じゅじゅつ)や妖術(ようじゅつ)と結び付いている。 18世紀、ムボム川流域の住民がアボンガラという有力な氏族に率いられて流域の南部および東部を征服した。その征服は、王族の子孫が小規模な王国をいくつもつくりつつ進められた。王自身の統治する王国から地方の小王国に至るまで、王の任命する王族の一員が支配したが、王国間の戦争もたびたび起こった。 多くの家族は一夫多妻婚によって構成されており、畑と森に囲まれた家に住む。お互いの隣家が遠く離れているのは、生業に有利なためと、妖術から逃れるために必要なのだといわれる。アザンデでは、死や病気、失敗や盗難などすべての不幸や災難は妖術のせいであると考えられる。妖術の被害にあった人は、決められた手続と方法によって報復できる。アザンデの妖術の慣習は、恐れよりも怒りを、諦(あきら)めよりも恨みを強く表している。不幸は妖術の疑いを生み、それに対する憎悪がだれかに押し付けられるのである。 [松園典子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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