Arid region in eastern Ethiopia. A barren plain stretching between the border with Somalia and the Ethiopian eastern plateau. The main river in the region is the Shebele River, and the source of the Genare River is in the southwest. Originally inhabited by the Galla people, they were driven out by the Somali people in the 16th century, and today only a few nomadic Somali people live there. In the late 19th century, both Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland claimed the Ogaden. Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II defeated the Italian army at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, preventing the Italian army from invading from the east. However, Italy launched another large-scale invasion of the Ogaden from Somaliland in 1935. In 1936, Ethiopia, including the Ogaden, was annexed to Italian East Africa (Ethiopian War). In 1941, Ethiopia was liberated by the Free French and British forces, but Ogaden remained under British rule until 1948. After Somalia gained independence in 1960, border conflicts and anti-government movements began in Ogaden. In July 1977, Somali forces invaded Ogaden, but in February and March 1978, Ethiopia, with the support of socialist countries such as the Soviet Union, defeated the Somali forces (see Ogaden War). In the early 1980s, more than 1.5 million refugees fled from Ogaden to Somalia. Political instability continued in the 1980s and 1990s, and effective governance has yet to be established. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エチオピア東部の乾燥地帯。ソマリアとの国境と,エチオピア東部高原(→エチオピア高原)の間に広がる荒れた平原。域内の主要河川はシェベレ川で,南西部にはゲナレ川(→ジュバ川)の源流がある。元はガラ族が居住していたが,16世紀にソマリ族に駆逐され,今日ではソマリ族の遊牧民がわずかに居住する。19世紀後半,エチオピアとイタリア領ソマリランド(→ソマリランド)がともにオガデンの領有権を主張した。エチオピアの皇帝メネリク2世は,1896年にアドワの戦いでイタリア軍を破り,東方からのイタリア軍の侵入を阻んだ。しかしイタリアは 1935年に再びソマリランドから大規模なオガデン侵攻を開始。1936年,オガデンを含むエチオピアは,イタリア領東アフリカに併合された(→エチオピア戦争)。1941年,エチオピアは自由フランス軍とイギリス軍により解放されたが,オガデンは 1948年までイギリスの統治下に置かれた。1960年のソマリア独立後,国境紛争と反政府運動がオガデンで始まった。1977年7月にソマリア軍がオガデンに侵攻したが,1978年2~3月,エチオピアはソビエト連邦など社会主義国の支援を受けてソマリア軍を掃討した(→オガデン戦争)。1980年代初めには,オガデンからソマリアに逃れた難民が 150万人をこえた。1980~90年代も政情不安が続き,有効な統治はいまだなされていない。
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