Hungry ghost

Japanese: 餓鬼 - がき

〘Noun〙 (Translation of preta. Transliterated as 薜茘多)① Abbreviation of "Gakidō (the realm of hungry ghosts)." ※Konjaku (around 1120) 6 "Because he was greedy for wealth in his lifetime, he fell into the world of hungry ghosts." ※Shobogenzō (1231-53) Shinshin Gakudō "Whether in hell, hungry ghosts, animals, or asuras, he fell into the realm of hungry ghosts." ② A Buddhist term. A deceased person who has fallen into the realm of hungry ghosts, one of the six realms of the realm. (i) A deceased person who has fallen into the realm of hungry ghosts as punishment for sins committed in life. There are said to be various types, such as those with emaciated bodies with only swollen bellies, needle-thin throats, and those who are unable to eat or drink food because it immediately turns to flames, and who are constantly suffering from hunger and thirst . ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 4.608 "Thinking of a person with whom I am not in love is like putting my forehead behind the hungry ghosts of a great temple." [Mahaprajnaparamita Shastra - 30] (b) An unrelated dead person who suffers with no one to mourn for him in the afterlife. ③ (figuratively) A person in the same state as ②. (a) A person who is starving and emaciated, or has a strange appearance. ※Nippo Jisho (1603-04) "Gakki (ガキ) (translation) Figurative. A person who is starving and emaciated, with a disfigured and pale appearance." (b) A person who is greedy for food and drink, or frugal with necessities. By extension, it is used as a word to belittle and insult people. ※Nippo Jisho (1603-04) "Gaki (kid) (translation) A word used to scold or belittle someone. For example, that gaqimega (gaki mega). " ④ (From the fact that they devour food) A slang term used to belittle children. ※Storybook: Kareguchi Arareshu (1705) 4 "I glare at the brat who has spoken too much." ※Yumesui Dokugen (1843) "I forgive the brat's bad behavior more than I do." ⑤ Abbreviation of "Gakiyami (hungry ghost disease) ①." ⑥ When gambling with a bow or large bow, a slang term for one sen. ※Essays: Ichiban Zuihitsu (1683) "The betting materials used include sandalwood, sukihara, and tanzaku. When it comes to money, one sen is called gaki (hungry ghost) and two sen is called ji."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (preta の訳語。薜茘多と音訳)① 「がきどう（餓鬼道）」の略。※今昔（1120頃か）六「在生の時、財を貪(むさぼり)しが故に、餓鬼の中に堕(おち)たり」※正法眼蔵（1231‐53）身心学道「地獄・餓鬼・畜生・修羅等のなかにしても」② 仏語。六道(りくどう)の一つの餓鬼道に落ちた亡者。(イ) 生前犯した罪の報いによって、餓鬼道に落ちた亡者。さまざまなものがいるとされ、やせこけて腹だけふくれた姿をし、のどが針のように細く、しかも飲食しようとする食物はたちまち炎に変わるため飲食することができなくて、常に飢えと渇(かわ)きとに苦しんでいるとされるなど。※万葉（８Ｃ後）四・六〇八「相思はぬ人を思ふは大寺の餓鬼の後(しりへ)に額(ぬか)つくごとし」〔大智度論‐三〇〕(ロ) 後世を弔う者もなく、苦しんでいる無縁の亡者。③ (比喩的に) ②のような状態にある者。(イ) 飢えてやせ、または異様な姿をしている人。※日葡辞書（1603‐04）「Gaqi(ガキ)〈訳〉比喩。飢えてやせ衰え形を崩し、青ざめた人」(ロ) 飲食をむさぼったり、物惜しみしたりする人。転じて、人を卑しめ、ののしる語として用いる。※日葡辞書（1603‐04）「Gaqi(ガキ)〈訳〉人を叱り、おとしめることば。例、アノ gaqimega(ガキメガ)」④ (食物をむさぼるところから) 子供を卑しめていう俗語。※咄本・軽口あられ酒（1705）四「口のすぎたがきとてにらむ」※夢酔独言（1843）「がきのじぶんよりわるさ許りして」⑤ 「がきやみ（餓鬼病）①」の略。⑥ 楊弓、大弓で銭を賭け物にするとき、一銭をさす隠語。※随筆・一時随筆（1683）「かけものは檀紙をも、すきはらをも、たんざくをも用ゆる也。さて銭のときは、一銭を餓鬼(ガキ)、二銭を地といひ」

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